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| 2025 NFL Draft: Grades for every Day 2 pick |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (3 reads) | |
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- the bears are loading up on offense: one day after drafting tight end
colston lovelandin the first round, chicago gets an “elite” grade for adding another playmaker for quarterback caleb williams.
- will johnson lands in arizona: after sliding due to injury concerns, johnson — the 14th-ranked player on pffs big board — joins the cardinals and provides a needed boost to their secondary.
- celebrate the 2025 nfl draft with 25% off pff+:
get 25% off pff+and unlock access to player grades, fantasy tools and the2025 draft guide.
estimated reading time: 15 minutes
click here for more draft tools:
day 2 of the 2025 nfl draft has concluded, and with it has come a flurry of exciting additions to nfl franchises.
the pff live draft tracker has been grading and analyzing every pick in real time, and now it’s time to break down the results with full evaluations for all 70 day 2 selections.
for more on each prospect, check out the pff draft guide and pff big board, and you can get a head start on day 3 by heading over to the pff mock draft simulator to start at pick 103.
stay tuned for day 3 coverage on the pff draft show, streaming live on youtube, x and fubotv all weekend.
click here for more draft tools:
round 2
pick grade: average
after moving back to select mason graham in round 1, cleveland selected another defender at the top of round 2 in schwesinger. The ucla linebacker is a high-end athlete who was the highest-graded blitzer in the draft class at the position (90.0 pff pass-rushing grade in 2024). The browns continue to add talented players into the middle of their defense, which was already their projected strength heading into 2025.
pick grade: above average
higgins was one of the few receivers at the top of this draft class with ideal x-receiver size at 6-foot-4 and 215 pounds, and he added to that physical profile with strong testing across the board at the nfl combine. He profiles as a reliable possession receiver who dropped just three of his 209 targets over the past two seasons at iowa state. It’s not the texans’ biggest need, but adding another weapon for c.J. Stroud makes a lot of sense, given stefon diggs’ departure and tank dell coming off a major injury.
pick grade: good
emmanwori certainly has areas of his game that will need to improve in the nfl, but a 6-foot-3 and 220-plus-pound safety with sub-4.4 speed and a 43-inch vertical was only going to slide so far. He’s coming off the best season of his collegiate career in coverage, grading out in the 89th percentile at safety in box coverage grade. His fit in mike macdonalds defense is intriguing as part of a young, talented secondary.
pick grade: below average
the browns were getting linked to the other ohio state running back, treveyon henderson, at the top of the second round, but instead, they took his running mate four picks later. Judkins is a powerful north-south runner with good contact balance and tackle-breaking ability, coming off a 2024 season where he earned a 90.0 pff rushing grade and broke 43 tackles on 193 carries.
pick grade: average
after adding some size to the interior defensive line in round 1, miami turns around and moves up to improve the offensive line. Savaiinaea has starting experience at both tackle and guard across three seasons at arizona and makes sense as a fit in the dolphins’ zone rushing scheme. He graded in the 88th percentile among qualifiers in pass-blocking grade on true pass sets over the past three seasons.
pick grade: average
henderson is an explosive back (88th percentile or higher in 40-yard dash, vertical jump and broad jump) who should bring some big-play ability to the patriots’ backfield. He’s one of six running backs in the power four with 100-plus carries of at least 10 yards since 2021. Henderson profiles as a nice complement to rhamondre stevenson, who is under contract through 2028.
pick grade: elite
chicago is doing everything in its power to set caleb williams up for success, giving him two pass-catching weapons with its first two selections. Burden wasn’t able to match his 2023 production (1,212 yards and nine touchdowns) last year at missouri, but he still has a strong case for being the most dangerous wide receiver in this class after the catch (ranked third among power four wide receivers in yards after the catch over the past two seasons).
pick grade: below average
after passing on a quarterback in the first round, the saints make shough the third quarterback off the board. Shough is an older prospect — turning 26 years old in september after entering college in the same recruiting class as trevor lawrence and justin fields — after working through multiple injuries in his collegiate career. He has nfl size and an nfl arm, coming off a 2024 season at louisville where he earned a career-best 87.7 pff passing grade.
pick grade: good
the bills get a 3-technique who has the ability to shoot gaps with an explosive first step and lateral quickness. Sanders improved his pff pass-rushing grade in each of the last three seasons at south carolina, culminating in an 81.9 pass-rush grade in 2024 and 33 quarterback pressures. He’ll fit nicely into a bills defense that relies on its front four to get home.
pick grade: average
taylor played more than 2,300 snaps across three seasons at lsu, and he doesn’t turn 21 years old until may. His receiving production (1.09 yards per route run) wasn’t overly impressive across those three seasons, but he has enough traits to get excited about his ability to continue to develop into a more productive player in the nfl. The jets needed a tight end and, more generally, young pass catchers with upside behind [garrett wilson](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/garrett-wilson/97405).
pick grade: above average
with robert saleh back at the helm of this 49ers defense, san francisco has renewed focus on the trenches with its first two picks. Collins has incredible length and versatility to play anywhere from 0- to 5-technique. His pass-rush profile leaves room for improvement, but his high floor as a run defender (85.0 pff run-defense grade) will allow him to contribute to the rotation early.
pick grade: elite
situated at no. 17 on the [pff big board](https://www.Pff.Com/draft/big-board), ezeiruaku profiles as a significant value for the cowboys here. The boston college standout maintains a solid grading profile, particularly against true pass sets, where he clocked the most snaps of any edge rusher in the 2025 class (196), earning a 90.7 pff grade and a 25.8% pass-rush win rate.
pick grade: average
after losing [dayo odeyingbo](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/dayo-odeyingbo/56923) in free agency, the colts had a void to fill off the edge. Tuimoloau profiles as a high-floor defender with strong leg drive and a fearless approach to playing the run. His 87.3 pff run-defense grade will fit in well with a colts defense that produced the third-highest team run-defense grade (75.8) in the nfl last season.
pick grade: average
with [tyler higbee](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/tyler-higbee/10744) entering a contract year and coming off a tough injury, the rams make a play toward the future with ferguson. The oregon tight end has the body type teams like to see out of the position, and although he is limited as a blocker, his overall athleticism gives him potential as a receiver (77.0 pff receiving grade).
pick grade: elite
a tough injury cut johnson’s 2024 campaign short and sent his draft stock tumbling. However, he did prove his level of talent across his tenure at michigan. His 57.2 passer rating allowed into his coverage across the past three seasons charted in the 94th percentile. Pairing johnson with breakout cornerback [garrett williams](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/garrett-williams/99723) will upgrade a coverage unit that allowed the sixth-highest epa per dropback.
pick grade: good
the texans’ offensive line offseason overhaul continues here with the ersery addition. Over the past two seasons, ersery showcased an explosive first step and quick feet, allowing him to significantly impact zone-blocking schemes, where his 89.5 pff grade charted in the 84th percentile.
pick grade: average
the bengals continue to invest in their defense after struggling to keep teams out of the end zone this past season. Although knight is one of the oldest prospects (25 years old), he showcased maturity at the linebacker position with good processing speed and sound tackling. He’s an all-around linebacker, evidenced by his 74.0-plus pff grade against the run (85.4), in coverage (74.9) and as a pass rusher (78.5).
pick grade: above average
the seahawks add an excellent receiving threat at tight end for [sam darnold](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/sam-darnold/29048) in arroyo. While arroyo doesn’t profile as much of an in-line player, he can be a dynamic threat as a wingback and big slot, with plus athleticism. His notable ability to run the seam can open up an offense, as he earned a 73.6 pff receiving grade.
pick grade: very good
the panthers trade up the board for an opportunity to add much-needed firepower on the defensive side of the ball. Scourton, the 29th-ranked player on the [pff big board](https://www.Pff.Com/draft/big-board), has an alluring combination of size and pass-rush moves, as well as the versatility to play in 3-4 or 4-3 fronts. Over the past two seasons, his 91.7 pff pass-rush grade against true pass sets charted in the 94th percentile.
pick grade: average
oladejo started his college career as an off-ball linebacker before moving to the edge. While he remains a raw, inexperienced pass-rusher, he impressed at senior bowl practices due to his athleticism, length and explosiveness. He has to further develop as a pass rusher, but his solid effort against the run (78.6 pff grade) will provide a solid floor.
pick grade: very good
a hip injury cut morrison’s 2024 campaign short, but in his time on the field, he showcased his ability in man coverage with good awareness, a high football iq, and smooth movement skills. Over the last two seasons, morrison generated an 84.3 pff coverage grade in single coverage looks, charting in the 87th percentile. He should provide an instant boost to this buccaneers secondary.
pick grade: below average
belton is a large and powerful offensive tackle who spent his first few seasons at the juco level before transferring to nc state. A three-year starter for the wolfpack, he shows good ability to reach the second level and uses his size and strength to anchor well against bull rushes. His 87.3 pass-blocking grade ranked among the best in the nation, as he allowed just 11 total pressures in 2024.
pick grade: above average
harris caught seven touchdown passes from first-round quarterback [jaxson dart](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/jaxson-dart/146409/draft-profile) and topped 900 receiving yards in three straight seasons. His 95.0 receiving grade against man coverage is the best in the class, and he is also one of the top vertical threats. His size and length give the chargers a strong red-zone target as they look to complement [ladd mcconkey](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/ladd-mcconkey/124030) out of the slot.
pick grade: average
trapilo started at left tackle for boston college in 2022 before moving to right tackle for the 2023 and 2024 seasons. He brings massive length and size to the position and has nfl bloodlines, with his father having played in the league. Trapilo allowed just two sacks over the past two years and earned an 80.5 pass-blocking grade in 2024.
pick grade: average
the lions beef up their already stellar offensive line with three-year starter ratledge. He fits detroit’s style as a powerful downhill blocker who also shows good, light feet in pass protection. Ratledge allowed just two sacks over three years and gave up only seven total pressures in his senior season. His 77.3 pass-blocking grade ranked above the 70th percentile nationally.
pick grade: above average
the star of the senior bowl game, bech is another weapon for newly acquired quarterback [geno smith](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/geno-smith/7820). He brings excellent hands, having dropped just one pass in 2024. He was also efficient, averaging 2.44 yards per route run. Bech showed good potential as a freshman before injuries derailed his next few seasons, but he broke out as a senior with 1,034 yards and nine touchdowns in 2024.
pick grade: very good
green’s off-the-field concerns led to his slide in the draft, but from an on-field perspective, he has the talent to be one of the biggest steals. He earned 90.0-plus grades in each of the past two seasons and dominated a lower level of competition. Green recorded 17 sacks in 2024, posting a 20.2% pass-rush win rate and a 9.4% run-stop rate.
pick grade: average
head coach sean payton gets his [alvin kamara](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/alvin-kamara/11822) in harvey. The dynamic back shows incredible contact balance and forced 69 missed tackles as a runner in 2024. With elite change-of-direction ability and a great first step, harvey earned a pff grade of 82.3 or better in three straight seasons while racking up 43 touchdowns over the past two years.
61. : Cb ,
pick grade: elite
amos brings elite speed and strong movement skills to the commanders’ defense. He earned an 85.6 coverage grade in 2024, forcing 13 incompletions and recording three interceptions. A standout at the senior bowl, amos showcases good instincts in zone coverage and has the size and athleticism to lock down opposing receivers in man coverage.
62. : Di ,
pick grade: above average
turner graded better in 2023 — a trend that applied to the entire texas a&m defensive line. He earned a 76.6 overall grade that season and showed positional versatility, playing across multiple defensive line spots in college. Turner plays with a high motor and active hands, and his 7.9% run-stop rate was a bright spot during the 2024 season.
63. : Di ,
pick grade: very good
norman-lott was arguably the best true pass-rushing defensive tackle in this draft class. His 18.9% pass-rush win rate led the nation, and his 88.3 true pass set pass-rush grade ranked above the 95th percentile. Norman-lott plays with violence and speed and should provide the chiefs with another pass-rushing force to rotate into their lineup.
64. : S ,
pick grade: above average
the eagles find their replacement for [c.J. Gardner-johnson](https://www.Pff.Com/nfl/players/c.J.-Gardner-johnson/49371) in the athletic andrew mukuba. The texas product showed great progress in his college career, culminating in a 90.0 overall grade in 2024, with an excellent grade in coverage (89.7). He forced an incompletion on 26.1% of his targets, an incredibly high rate. Mukuba showed terrific ball skills, intercepting five passes and allowing a paltry 12.1 passer rating last season. |
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| Carson Schwesinger on being taken No. 33 overall, playing for Jim Schwartz, and |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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Cleveland, ohio — browns rookie and linebacker carson schwesinger took questions from reporters on friday regarding being taken no. 33 overall in the 2025 nfl draft, looking forward to playing for jim schwartz, and more.
below is the transcript as provided by the browns media relations department:
i just wanted to ask about your former walk–on status. It seems to be something people talk a lot about with you and something that’s really informed you as a player. How do you think that chip on your shoulder has carried you in college and are you still going to have it as an nfl player?
“yeah, i think, you know, regardless of the walk-on, that chip on that shoulder has been something that’s been there since i was born. Even going against my older brother growing up, you know, that competitive nature, but definitely in college, it helped shape me. It gave me the work ethic that i needed. And, you know, the chip on the shoulder, once you have it, it’s never going to leave. So, it’s going to be something that continues to drive me throughout my nfl career and i’m ready for it.”
how would you describe your playing style and what have the browns, most notably jim schwartz, told you about how he sees you fitting in here?
“yeah, i think my play style is really, what you’re getting is a linebacker who can do whatever’s needed in the defense. And i think that’s a place i fit in. Whether you need coverage, you need a stop in the run or getting after the quarterback. All three of those i think i could do at a high level and i’m ready to get to work and help contribute.”
glenn cook was talking about how he was impressed with just your trajectory, from the walk-on to reserve to starting and being an awards finalist and captain. So, for your development, how do you envision maybe taking another step in the nfl, especially here with the cleveland browns kind of guiding the way for you?
“yeah, i think for me, i’m always looking to take the next step and trying to find any small way that i can improve, any big way that i can improve. And that’s exactly the mentality that i’m taking into this next stage and regardless of where i start, my goal is to get better each day. Eventually, when you’re willing to show up and outwork anybody else, it’s going to lead to success. And that’s the mentality i’m continuing to take with me.”
you sound exactly like the type of player jim schwartz wants. What has your interaction with him been in this process?
“oh, it was great. It was great. Just hearing about the defense and where i fit and what they envision and just the toughness that the defense is going to have and that we’re going to bring and that’s something that i’m excited for and i’m ready to get to work and help contribute to that.”
i was wondering if any of the players on the defensive side of the ball have reached out to you yet, and if so, what have they said to you? What has the messaging been?
“yeah, i’ve had some of them reach out, and it’s really just been supportive, telling me to enjoy the moment and then be ready to get to work and that’s what i’m ready to do. So, i’m looking forward to it, to meeting everybody in person and getting to work.”
how much did last year with the coaching change but also to move to the big ten kind of elevate your game and also what effect did coach (ikaika) malloe have on you?
“yeah, i think all of that helped grow my game and get me better at football. I think coach (ikaika) malloe, specifically, really gave me my opportunity to play that i’ve been waiting for, and i can’t thank him enough for that. Just having the belief and faith in me to be the player that they knew i could be. And just the big ten, i mean, that’s the toughest football you’re going to play in terms of you’ve got it all in the big ten. I think that really prepares you and just ready to bring that toughness to another level now.”
while you weren’t playing a ton early in your career, did you know you had that type of season in you that you had last year? And if you did, why were you so confident?
“i think you always got to have the confidence in yourself when you step on the field, that’s what’s going to allow you to play fast and play the type of football you know. For me, it was just waiting until i got the opportunity to prove it. Thankfully, i was blessed to have that opportunity this year and once i got it, i wasn’t going to let it get away from me. When you have that mentality that you never know how many opportunities you get, so you better be prepared for the one you’re given and take advantage of it and i was thankful enough to be able to get that opportunity and run with it this year.”
i know you obviously got to talk to coach (jason) tarver as well. What was that conversation like and just his excitement level about adding you to this room?
“yeah, talking with coach has been amazing. Even just the talks throughout the whole process, we’re both ucla guys. So, we’re bringing some of that over. California guys. Just the level of detail he has in his coaching and all the answers he has is something that i know is going to be super beneficial and super exciting to be able to get to work with him and hopefully i’d assume it’s vice versa, but i’m just really excited.”
football insider newsletter free trial: take a minute and sign up for a free trial of our football insider newsletter, featuring exclusive content from cleveland.Coms browns reporters. |
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| JT Tuimoloau Strengthens Indianapolis Colts DL, Provides Flexibility for Future |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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Jt tuimoloau strengthens colts dl, provides flexibility for future
after taking tight end tyler warren in the first round of the 2025 nfl draft, the indianapolis colts were expected to focus on the trenches on day 2 of the 2025 nfl draft.
and when it came time to pick in round 2, the colts did not waste any time fortifying their defensive line.
the colts selected ohio state edge jt tuimoloau with the no.45 pick on friday night. The 6-4, 265-pound pass rusher goes from terrorizing quarterbacks in the big ten to punishing signal-callers in the afc south.
tuimoloau finished the 2024 season with 61 tackles, 12.5 sacks, and 22 tackles for loss for the buckeyes. He was dominant in the college football playoff last season, registering 23 tackles, 6.5 sacks, and 19 pressures in four games, helping lead the buckeyes to a national championship. Tuimoloau was a three-time first-team all-big ten at ohio state and a second-team all-american in 2023.
tuimoloau is the type of pass rusher the colts have coveted under general manager chris ballard. He is an explosive, powerful athlete (9.33 ras) who impacts all facets of the game. Tuimoloau is a well-rounded edge defender with proven production as a pass rusher and run defender.
tuimoloau is a power-based rusher with strong pop in his hands, stunning blockers when he engages off the snap. He has enough flexibility to change levels and get around the edge, using a great inside spin move to set up his long-arm and bull rush plan. Tuimoloau mixes up his rushes with euro-steps and stutters to get blockers out of sync, allowing him to take advantage.
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as a run defender, tuimoloau stands out for his wide, sturdy base and ability to extend blockers away from his chest. He can also reset the line of scrimmage when runs come in his direction, often slipping into the backfield to make a play.
here is an excerpt from the 2025 indy draft guide on how tuimoloau fits with the colts:
tuimoloau is one of the most realistic picks for the colts on day 2 of the draft. He is an explosive, powerful pass rusher who makes quick work of offensive lineman to get after the quarterback. Tuimoloau is also a good run defender, giving him the ability to play on all three downs. If the colts are thinking about replacing kwity paye next year when he becomes a free agent, tuimoloau would be a tremendous option.
with the loss of dayo odeyingbo in free agency, the colts needed to add another pass rusher. Combined with the fact that laiatu latu is the only edge defender under contract for the colts in 2026, the selection of tuimoloau makes perfect sense.
tumioloau will be a disruptor in defensive coordinator lou anarumos scheme. His dense build and long arms fit the body type of the edge rushers anarumo has used in the past.
tuimoloaus role in anarumos defense will resemble former cincinnati bengals pass rusher sam hubbard. He must set the edge as a strong run defender while offering upside and the ability to collapse the pocket as a pass rusher.
tuimoloau will be a regular contributor on the defensive line as a rookie while playing behind kwity paye at strong side defensive end. But with paye in a contract year, tuimoloau could be a starter for the colts as early as next season.
ballard believes you can never have enough pass rushers, and tuimoloau gives the colts another relentless presence on the defensive line. |
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| Who Are Jack Bechs Parents? Everything To Know About the New Las Vegas Raiders W |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (12 reads) | |
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With their second-round pick in the 2025 nfl draft, the las vegas raiders have selected tcu wr jack bech. Behind his booming football career, though, stands a family of accomplished professionals and passionate supporters who have shaped his journey both on and off the field.
the bech name carries significant weight in louisiana football circles, representing excellence and dedication across generations. Martin and michelle bech have built a foundation of academic achievement and athletic prowess that has influenced their son’s path to success. Let’s take a deeper look.
the csn nfl mock draft simulator allows fans to select their favorite college football athletes to the next level by controlling any number of nfl teams with the most up-to-date prospect rankings, team needs, and draft order! Who are las vegas raiders wr bech’s parents? A closer look at the bech family martin bech serves as vice president and general counsel of acadian companies, bringing extensive legal expertise to his professional role.
his educational background includes a b.A. In politics from lsu (1986-1990) and a doctor of law in international legal studies from loyola university new orleans college of law. His professional accomplishments provide a strong example of excellence for his children.
meanwhile, michelle bech works as a talent acquisition manager, matching her husband’s impressive academic credentials with her own lsu political science degree and law studies at loyola university, new orleans.
together, the couple has established a household where achievement and determination are foundational values, creating a nurturing environment for their children’s diverse pursuits.
the bech family’s athletic lineage runs deep. His uncle brett bech played receiver at lsu before advancing to the nfl with the new orleans saints.
this sports heritage created a natural path for both jack and his late brother, tiger, who earned all-ivy league honors as a return specialist at princeton university before his tragic passing in the new orleans terrorist attack on jan. 1, 2025.
jack’s siblings include sisters virginia and sophie, completing a tight-knit family unit deeply connected to their lafayette, louisiana, roots. Their catholic faith provides another cornerstone of their family identity, with jack often citing the importance of faith, family, and football as his guiding principles throughout his athletic journey.
it’s draft night: top 300 prospects — get your free printable 2025 nfl draft big board
the recent family tragedy has strengthened jack’s resolve on the football field. Following tiger’s passing, jack has spoken about playing with renewed purpose, honoring his brother’s memory through his performance, and carrying forward their shared love for the game that defined much of their childhood together.
the bech family story demonstrates how generational values and shared passions can shape athletic careers.
through academic excellence, athletic achievement, and unwavering support during both triumphs and tragedies, martin and michelle have provided jack with the foundation needed to pursue his football dreams while maintaining perspective on what matters most beyond the field.
college sports network has you covered with the latest news, analysis, insights, and trending stories in college football , men’s college basketball , women’s college basketball , and college baseball ! |
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| Social media reaction to the second-round pick of the Dallas Cowboys, Donovan Ez |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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With the 44th pick in the 2025 nfl draft, the dallas cowboys selected edge rusher donovan ezeiruaku from boston college.
donovan is coming to dallas ??
— dallas cowboys (@dallascowboys)[@donovaneze6]|[@bcfootball][#cowboysdraft]|[@fanatics][pic.Twitter.Com/mzhhibywff][april 26, 2025]
the dallas cowboys have selected boston college edge donovan ezeiruaku with the 44th overall pick!
— blogging the boys (@bloggingtheboys)[pic.Twitter.Com/ba5zep4fqk][april 26, 2025]
those close to the team love the pick. Ezeiruaku came at great value to the cowboys with the 44th pick. His physical traits and production make the pick a slam dunk at that point in the draft.
new cowboys de donovan ezeiruaku is the no. 22 overall player and no. 6 edge rusher in
— jon machota (@jonmachota)[@dpbrugler]s the beast draft guide.
brugler on ezeiruaku: rushing the passer is his calling card, and he has the arc acceleration, body flexibility and long, active arms to break down the…[april 26, 2025]
donovan ezeiruaku was the ted hendricks award winner (best de in country) and acc defensive player of the year.
— calvin watkins (@calvinwatkins)[april 26, 2025]
here’s some further analysis of ezeiruaku, who specializes in wreaking havoc in the backfield. After losing demarcus lawrence to free agency, the cowboys get an edge rusher in the second that excels in making things difficult for opposing quarterbacks. The advanced stats also spell out how good a pick ezeiruaku was.
my scouting report and grade on new
— john owning (@johnowning)[#cowboys]edge donovan ezeiruaku.[Pic.Twitter.Com/jlpnqgorsq][april 26, 2025]
my notes on donovan ezeiruaku
— zach wolchuk (@zachwolchuk)[pic.Twitter.Com/3rguiwousw][april 26, 2025]
rd 2 | pk 44 - cowboys: donovan ezeiruaku ed, boston college
— next gen stats (@nextgenstats)
ezeiruaku is the 2nd-highest rated edge by ngs overall draft score (83) and ngs production score (87) in this years class. He will join a cowboys defense that generated the 4th-highest pressure rate in the nfl last…[pic.Twitter.Com/vqwtsni3y1][april 26, 2025]
what say you cowboys? What do you think of the new member of the cowboys?
micah parsons, donte fowler jr, and donovan ezeiruaku all rushing the qb?!?!
— stephen mac (@stephen_mac03)[pic.Twitter.Com/wql2uxqihd][april 26, 2025]
donovan ezeiruaku is not only a super talented pass rusher thats a plug and play across from micah, hes an extremely high character young man. Again, this team is building up really good players that double as professionals and not hot boyz.
— lord dylly (@lord_dylly)
changing the culture.[Pic.Twitter.Com/dyq4wj1ht7][april 26, 2025]
how about the writers at btb? What did they think of the cowboys adding the former boston college eagle? Hint: they’re very much on board.
newest
— brandon loree (@brandoniswrite)[#cowboys]de donovan ezeiruaku.
- 16.5 sacks
- 20 qb hits
- 60 qb pressures
sources tell me that’s pretty damn good. Ez should have been gone long before 44.
(stat via[@pff_college])[pic.Twitter.Com/92gkpnuekr][april 26, 2025]
micah parsons and donovan ezeiruaku.
— rj ochoa (@rjochoa)
the future.[April 26, 2025]
love donovan ez for dallas.
— mike poland (@kenfigkowboy)
21 tfl
80 total tackles
17 sacks
3 ff
acc dpoy
get that production opposite micah….Dangerous[#dallascowboys][#nfldraft2025][april 26, 2025]
de donovan ezeiruaku in 2024:
— chris halling (@chrishalling_)
-16.5 sacks (2nd in fbs)
-65 pressures (1st in fbs)
-won ted hendricks award (best de)
-acc dpoy
-first-team all-american
the cowboys found an elite pass rusher to pair with micah parsons[april 26, 2025] |
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| The Voice Kids Star Karen Silva Dead at 17 After Hemorrhagic Stroke |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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Silva reached the shows semi-finals at 12 years old in 2020
by madison e. Goldberg madison e. Goldberg madison e. Goldberg received her b.S. In journalism and double minors in publishing and photography from emerson college in 2022, cum laude. She first joined people in 2025 as a night digital news writer. People editorial guidelines published on april 25, 2025 09:19pm edt comments the voice kids star karen silva dead at 17 after hemorraghic stroke. Photo: karen silva/instagram
former the voice kids star karen silva has died at 17 after experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke.
silva made a name for herself after advancing to the semi-finals round of the music competition show in 2020 at 12 years old. Her death was confirmed in a post shared on her official instagram page thursday, april 24.
the post announced that silva died after being hospitalized at são joão batista hospital, in volta redonda, following a hemorrhagic stroke.
karen enchanted brazil with her powerful voice and striking presence even in childhood, when she participated in the voice kids in 2020, the post continued. Since then, she has followed a luminous path, uniting talent, charisma and representation at every step.
jamie foxx says he had a brain bleed that led to a stroke in new netflix special: i dont remember 20 days more than an up-and-coming artist, karen was a symbol of empowerment, especially for black girls who found in her inspiration and strength to dream. Her music, her message and her joy leave a deep mark on all who met her and followed her journey.
never miss a story — sign up for peoples free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what people has to offer??, From celebrity news to compelling human interest stories.
the post concluded, in this moment of great pain, we send our solidarity to their parents, manoella and fernando, with friends, family and fans. May the memory of your light continue to guide us. The message was originally written in portguese and has been translated to english via instagram.
queen’s brian may stabilized’ after stroke and playing instruments again, wife says: ‘bit of a challenge’ the passing comes days after a post shared on her instagram profile monday, april 21, revealed the brazilian singers health struggles. Singer karen silva is facing a health problem and, at the moment, she is still under medical care, with the support and affection of her family and team. We ask for respect, empathy and prayers as she recovers peacefully. Any updates will be made by our official channels we thank everyone for the love, the post read.
silva began taking vocal lessons at the age of 8, hoping to sing the edwin hawkins singers 1967 arrangement of oh happy day, per the daily mail .
after just a few lessons, she sang the song and enchanted everyone with her striking voice, her first vocal coach, lana netto, said, according to the outlet. From that day on, karen never stopped singing and captivating people.
she is survived by her parents manoella and fernando.
close leave a comment |
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| Swashbuckler |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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swashbuckler bg3.Png|the swashbuckler class symbol from [[baldurs gate iii]]. |
swashbuckler bg3.Png|the swashbuckler class symbol from [[baldurs gate iii]]. |
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+ | warrior swashbuckler&savage.Png|a swashbuckler comes to blows with a [[savage warrior]]. |
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===appearances=== |
===appearances=== |
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:;adventures |
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latest revision as of 01:11, 26 april 2025
a swashbuckler was a graceful and sophisticated individual who focused on honing their skill with a blade and demonstrating poise in one–on–one combat.[[5]](#cite_note-cfhb2e-p34-35-5)[[2]](#cite_note-scag5e-p135-136-2) they seemed to always attract danger and trouble, as well as the ire of other rogues who sought to best their abilities.[[5]](#cite_note-cfhb2e-p34-35-5)
culture[]
these individuals often lived by their own rules, governed by a unique sense of moral principles. They often sought out adventure on the open seas, living as privateers or corsairs.[[7]](#cite_note-w.Dh-p216-7) they were considered to be the epitome of confidence and daring in battle.[[2]](#cite_note-scag5e-p135-136-2)
swashbucklers were often romantics at heart, seeking passion both in adventure as well as in the company of others.[[5]](#cite_note-cfhb2e-p34-35-5)[[7]](#cite_note-w.Dh-p216-7)
abilities[]
these rogues were among the most charming and debonair as could be found throughout the lands.[[2]](#cite_note-scag5e-p135-136-2) while they were seemingly always ready with a droll comment or witty remark, they usually came across as endearing and well within acceptable manners.[[5]](#cite_note-cfhb2e-p34-35-5)
in battle, swashbucklers moved nimbly in and out of battle, taking deft and precise actions.[[5]](#cite_note-cfhb2e-p34-35-5) they were quite adept at harrying their foes with quick attacks while avoiding any parries or reprisals.[[2]](#cite_note-scag5e-p135-136-2) as such, the most skilled and expert swashbucklers were considered to be among the realms finest duelists.[[2]](#cite_note-scag5e-p135-136-2)
possessions[]
swashbucklers typically wielded blades in battle,[[5]](#cite_note-cfhb2e-p34-35-5) and often favored rapiers.[[8]](#cite_note-aa-p103-8) they eschewed heavy armor and preferred the opportunity to be light on their feet.[[2]](#cite_note-scag5e-p135-136-2)
history[]
the stylish constructs known as nimblewrights were designed to look and fight like swashbucklers.[[9]](#cite_note-wdh-p212-9)
notable swashbucklers[]
unlike other swashbucklers, drow were known to fight dirty and win by any means necessary. These drow duelists were considered among the finest of the realms, many of whom were recruited to bregan daerthe.[[10]](#cite_note-ncs-p122-10)
individuals[]
dauravyn redbeard, a retired adventurer who went on to runthe way innon thesword coast.[[11]](#cite_note-frcs2e.Gtotr-p103-11)jarlaxle baenre, the legendary drow criminal mastermind and secret ruler ofluskan.[[12]](#cite_note-wdh-p6-12)vevette blackwater, one of the high-ranking officers within the reformedzhentarim.[[13]](#cite_note-wdh-p97-13)
rumors & legends[]
the idea of the swashbuckler was widely romanticized by many individuals, greatly adding to their charming appeal.[[5]](#cite_note-cfhb2e-p34-35-5)
appendix[]
see also[]
gallery[]
appearances[]
- adventures
waterdeep: dragon heist- video games
- • •
- organized play & licensed adventures
reclamation
external links[]
swashbucklerarticle at the[baldurs gate wiki](https://baldursgate.Fandom.Com/wiki/), a wiki for the baldurs gate games.
references[]
[?](#Cite_ref-phb5e-p95-97_1-0)[mike mearls](/wiki/mike_mearls),[jeremy crawford](/wiki/jeremy_crawford)(2014).[Players handbook 5th edition](/wiki/player%27s_handbook_5th_edition). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), pp. 95–97. Isbn[978-0-7869-6560-1](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0-7869-6560-1).- ?
[steve kenson](/wiki/steve_kenson), et al. (November 2015).[Sword coast adventurers guide](/wiki/sword_coast_adventurer%27s_guide). Edited by[kim mohan](/wiki/kim_mohan). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), pp. 135–136. Isbn[978-0-7869-6580-9](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0-7869-6580-9). - ?
[jeremy crawford](/wiki/jeremy_crawford),[mike mearls](/wiki/mike_mearls)(november 2017).[Xanathars guide to everything](/wiki/xanathar%27s_guide_to_everything). Edited by[kim mohan](/wiki/kim_mohan), et al. ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), p. 47. Isbn[978-0-7869-6612-7](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0-7869-6612-7). [?](#Cite_ref-cw3e-p12-13_4-0)[andy collins](/wiki/andy_collins),[david noonan](/wiki/david_noonan),[ed stark](/wiki/ed_stark)(november 2003).[Complete warrior](/wiki/complete_warrior). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), pp. 12–13. Isbn[isbn 0-7869-2880-8](/wiki/special:booksources/isbn_0-7869-2880-8).- ?
[aaron allston](/wiki/aaron_allston)(1989).[The complete fighters handbook](/wiki/the_complete_fighter%27s_handbook). ([Tsr](/wiki/tsr)), pp. 34–35. Isbn[978-0880387798](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0880387798). [?](#Cite_ref-6)[john nephew](/wiki/john_nephew),[carl sargent](/wiki/carl_sargent)and[douglas niles](/wiki/douglas_niles)(1989).[The complete thiefs handbook](/wiki/the_complete_thief%27s_handbook). Edited by[scott haring](/wiki/scott_haring). ([Tsr](/wiki/tsr)), pp. 41–42. Isbn[0-88038-780-7](/wiki/special:booksources/0-88038-780-7).- ?
[christopher perkins](/wiki/christopher_perkins),[james haeck](/wiki/james_haeck),[james introcaso](/wiki/james_introcaso),[adam lee](/wiki/adam_lee),[matthew sernett](/wiki/matthew_sernett)(september 2018).[Waterdeep: dragon heist](/wiki/waterdeep:_dragon_heist). Edited by[jeremy crawford](/wiki/jeremy_crawford). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), p. 216. Isbn[978-0-7869-6625-7](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0-7869-6625-7). [?](#Cite_ref-wdh-p212_9-0)[christopher perkins](/wiki/christopher_perkins),[james haeck](/wiki/james_haeck),[james introcaso](/wiki/james_introcaso),[adam lee](/wiki/adam_lee),[matthew sernett](/wiki/matthew_sernett)(september 2018).[Waterdeep: dragon heist](/wiki/waterdeep:_dragon_heist). Edited by[jeremy crawford](/wiki/jeremy_crawford). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), p. 212. Isbn[978-0-7869-6625-7](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0-7869-6625-7).[?](#Cite_ref-ncs-p122_10-0)[matt sernett](/wiki/matt_sernett),[erik scott de bie](/wiki/erik_scott_de_bie),[ari marmell](/wiki/ari_marmell)(august 2011).[Neverwinter campaign setting](/wiki/neverwinter_campaign_setting). Edited by[tanis oconnor](/wiki/tanis_o%27connor). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), p. 122. Isbn[0-7869-5814-6](/wiki/special:booksources/0-7869-5814-6).[?](#Cite_ref-frcs2e.Gtotr-p103_11-0)[ed greenwood](/wiki/ed_greenwood),[julia martin](/wiki/julia_martin),[jeff grubb](/wiki/jeff_grubb)(1993).[Forgotten realms campaign setting 2nd edition (revised)](/wiki/forgotten_realms_campaign_setting_2nd_edition_(revised)), a grand tour of the realms. ([Tsr, inc](/wiki/tsr,_inc)), p. 103. Isbn[1-5607-6617-4](/wiki/special:booksources/1-5607-6617-4).[?](#Cite_ref-wdh-p6_12-0)[christopher perkins](/wiki/christopher_perkins),[james haeck](/wiki/james_haeck),[james introcaso](/wiki/james_introcaso),[adam lee](/wiki/adam_lee),[matthew sernett](/wiki/matthew_sernett)(september 2018).[Waterdeep: dragon heist](/wiki/waterdeep:_dragon_heist). Edited by[jeremy crawford](/wiki/jeremy_crawford). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), p. 6. Isbn[978-0-7869-6625-7](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0-7869-6625-7).[?](#Cite_ref-wdh-p97_13-0)[christopher perkins](/wiki/christopher_perkins),[james haeck](/wiki/james_haeck),[james introcaso](/wiki/james_introcaso),[adam lee](/wiki/adam_lee),[matthew sernett](/wiki/matthew_sernett)(september 2018).[Waterdeep: dragon heist](/wiki/waterdeep:_dragon_heist). Edited by[jeremy crawford](/wiki/jeremy_crawford). ([Wizards of the coast](/wiki/wizards_of_the_coast)), p. 97. Isbn[978-0-7869-6625-7](/wiki/special:booksources/978-0-7869-6625-7).
connections[]
[artificer](/wiki/artificer)[alchemist](/wiki/alchemist) • armorer • [artillerist](/wiki/artillerist) • battle smith
[bard](/wiki/bard)
college of creation • college of eloquence • [college of glamour](/wiki/college_of_glamour) • [college of lore](/wiki/college_of_lore) • [college of swords](/wiki/blade_(class)) • [college of valor](/wiki/skald) • [college of whispers](/wiki/college_of_whispers)
[ranger](/wiki/ranger)[ • • ](/wiki/beast_master)[ • ](/wiki/horizon_walker)[ • ](/wiki/hunter)[ • ](/wiki/gloom_stalker)[ • ](/wiki/monster_slayer)
[rogue](/wiki/rogue)[arcane trickster](/wiki/arcane_trickster) • [assassin](/wiki/assassin) • [inquisitive](/wiki/inquisitive) • [mastermind](/wiki/mastermind) • phantom • [scout](/wiki/scout) • [soulknife](/wiki/soulknife) • swashbuckler • [thief](/wiki/rogue#thief)
[sorcerer](/wiki/sorcerer)
[ • ](/wiki/aberrant_mind)[ • ](/wiki/clockwork_soul)[ • ](/wiki/divine_soul)[ • ](/wiki/dragon_magic)[ • ](/wiki/shadow_magic_(sorcerous_origin))[ • ](/wiki/storm_sorcery)
[warlock](/wiki/warlock)[archfey patron](/wiki/archfey_patron) • [celestial patron](/wiki/celestial_patron) • fathomless patron • genie patron • [hexblade](/wiki/hexblade) • [fiend patron](/wiki/fiend_patron) • [great old one patron](/wiki/great_old_one_patron) • [undying patron](/wiki/undying_patron)
[wizard](/wiki/wizard)[ • ](/wiki/abjurer)[ • ](/wiki/bladesinger)[ • ](/wiki/conjurer)[ • ](/wiki/diviner)[ • ](/wiki/enchanter)[ • ](/wiki/evoker)[ • ](/wiki/illusionist)[ • • ](/wiki/necromancer)[ • ](/wiki/transmuter)
[cleric](/wiki/cleric)[ • ](/wiki/arcana_domain)[ • ](/wiki/death_domain)[ • ](/wiki/divine_domain)[ • ](/wiki/forge_domain)[ • ](/wiki/grave_domain)[ • ](/wiki/knowledge_domain)[ • ](/wiki/life_domain)[ • ](/wiki/light_domain)[ • ](/wiki/nature_domain)[ • ](/wiki/order_domain)[ • ](/wiki/peace_domain)[ • ](/wiki/tempest_domain)[ • ](/wiki/trickery_domain)[ • ](/wiki/twilight_domain)
[druid](/wiki/druid)[ • ](/wiki/circle_of_dreams)[ • ](/wiki/circle_of_the_land)[ • ](/wiki/circle_of_the_moon)[ • ](/wiki/circle_of_the_shepherd)[ • ](/wiki/circle_of_spores)[ • ](/wiki/circle_of_stars)
[paladin](/wiki/paladin)[oath of the ancients](/wiki/oath_of_the_ancients) • [oath of conquest](/wiki/oath_of_conquest) • [oath of the crown](/wiki/oath_of_the_crown) • [oath of devotion](/wiki/oath_of_devotion) • oath of glory • [oath of redemption](/wiki/oath_of_redemption) • [oath of vengeance](/wiki/oath_of_vengeance) • oath of the watchers
[barbarian](/wiki/barbarian)[path of the ancestral guardian](/wiki/path_of_the_ancestral_guardian) • path of the beast • [path of the berserker](/wiki/path_of_the_berserker) • path of the giant • [path of the storm herald](/wiki/path_of_the_storm_herald) • [path of the totem warrior](/wiki/path_of_the_totem_warrior) • [path of wild magic](/wiki/path_of_wild_magic) • [path of the zealot](/wiki/path_of_the_zealot)
[fighter](/wiki/fighter)[ • ](/wiki/arcane_archer)[ • ](/wiki/battle_master)[ • ](/wiki/cavalier)[ • ](/wiki/champion)[ • ](/wiki/eldritch_knight)[ • ](/wiki/psi_warrior)[ • ](/wiki/purple_dragon_knight)[ • ](/wiki/rune_knight)
[monk](/wiki/monk)
• [ • ](/wiki/way_of_the_drunken_master)[ • ](/wiki/way_of_the_four_elements)[ • ](/wiki/kensei)[ • ](/wiki/way_of_the_long_death)[ • ](/wiki/way_of_mercy)[ • ](/wiki/order_of_the_sun_soul)[ • ](/wiki/way_of_the_open_hand)[
](/wiki/shadowdancer) |
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| NiVar |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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|type = [[planet]] |
|type = [[planet]] |
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|species = [[vulcan]]
[[romulan]] |
|species = [[vulcan]]
[[romulan]] |
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? | |Location = in [[orbit]] of [[40 eridani a]]
[[vulcan system]]
[[vulcan space]]
[[vulcan sector]]
[[alpha quadrant]]
~16. |
+ | |location = in [[orbit]] of [[40 eridani a]]
[[vulcan system]]
[[vulcan space]]
[[vulcan sector]]
[[alpha quadrant]]
~16.34 [[light year]]s (5 [[parsec]]s) from [[sol]] |
|affiliation = [[vulcan high command]]
[[coalition of planets]]
{{federation}}
[[nivar government]] |
|affiliation = [[vulcan high command]]
[[coalition of planets]]
{{federation}}
[[nivar government]] |
||
? | |Satellites = none{{footnote|b|r}} |
+ | |satellites = none {{footnote|b|r}} |
|status = habitable |
|status = habitable |
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|datestatus = 3190 |
|datestatus = 3190 |
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vulcan was located a little over sixteen [[light year]]s from earth, near the [[andorian system]]. ({{Ent|the andorian incident|home}}) in the [[2270s]], a {{class|constitution ii}} [[heavy cruiser]] traveling at [[warp speed]] from earth could reach vulcan in four days. ({{Film|1}}) |
vulcan was located a little over sixteen [[light year]]s from earth, near the [[andorian system]]. ({{Ent|the andorian incident|home}}) in the [[2270s]], a {{class|constitution ii}} [[heavy cruiser]] traveling at [[warp speed]] from earth could reach vulcan in four days. ({{Film|1}}) |
||
? | In [[ |
+ | in the [[2150s]], this planets position was labeled on an [[united earth]] [[star chart]] which was displayed in several crew and guest [[quarters]] aboard the {{nx|enterprise}}. ({{S|ent}}, set decoration)) |
+ | |||
? | This planet was connected to [[regulus]], [[sol system]], and an unnamed location by subspace lines. ({{Tng|the measure of a man}}) |
+ | in [[2365]], the location of vulcan was labeled in a subspace comm net ops star chart, which was seen in the [[courtroom]] on [[starbase 173]]. This planet was connected to [[regulus]], [[sol system]], and an unnamed location by subspace lines. ({{Tng|the measure of a man}}) |
{{bginfo|in august 2024, an annotated computer paste-up of this star chart was put up for auction in the entertainment memorabiliia live auction: los angeles summer 2024 by propstore auction. {{El|propstoreauction.Com/lot-details/index/catalog/397/lot/139465?Url{{=}}%2fauctions%2fcatalog%2fid%2f397%3fpage%3d5%26view%3dgrid%26catm%3dany%26order%3dorder_num%26xclosed%3dyes%26featured%3dno%26key%3dthe%2bnext%2bgeneration}}}} |
{{bginfo|in august 2024, an annotated computer paste-up of this star chart was put up for auction in the entertainment memorabiliia live auction: los angeles summer 2024 by propstore auction. {{El|propstoreauction.Com/lot-details/index/catalog/397/lot/139465?Url{{=}}%2fauctions%2fcatalog%2fid%2f397%3fpage%3d5%26view%3dgrid%26catm%3dany%26order%3dorder_num%26xclosed%3dyes%26featured%3dno%26key%3dthe%2bnext%2bgeneration}}}} |
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in the {{s|pro}} episode {{e|starstruck}}, there was a map of the alpha and beta quadrant with federation space divided into sectors. One of these sectors, named the [[vulcan sector]], was located in the beta quadrant. As there were no marked locations within this sector, it cant be said with certainty that the vulcan system, including this planet, were located in this sector. However, it was a possibility. |
in the {{s|pro}} episode {{e|starstruck}}, there was a map of the alpha and beta quadrant with federation space divided into sectors. One of these sectors, named the [[vulcan sector]], was located in the beta quadrant. As there were no marked locations within this sector, it cant be said with certainty that the vulcan system, including this planet, were located in this sector. However, it was a possibility. |
||
+ | |||
+ | the star chart seen in the series {{s|ent}} made its first appearance in [[crewman]] {{dis|daniels|crewman}} quarters in {{e|cold front}}. It was also seen in several other episodes of the series, from [[2151]] to [[2154]]. (For more information, see [[federation star charts#united earth alpha/beta star chart]]) |
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==== miscellaneous ==== |
==== miscellaneous ==== |
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[[category:vulcan| ]] |
[[category:vulcan| ]] |
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[[category:homeworlds]] |
[[category:homeworlds]] |
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+ | [[category:mirror universe]] |
latest revision as of 01:00, 26 april 2025
alternate timelines)
alternate realitycounterpart, please see
vulcan (alternate reality)).
nivar (starship)).
2237(
yesteryear))
nivar, formerly vulcan, was an inhabited m-class planet orbiting the star 40 eridani a in the vulcan system. The planet was located in vulcan space within the vulcan sector of the alpha quadrant. Though the planet had no moons, it did form a binary pair with [tkhut](/wiki/t%27khut) and was considered its companion planet. ([Tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [the man trap](/wiki/the_man_trap_(episode)), [amok time](/wiki/amok_time_(episode)); [tas](/wiki/star_trek:_the_animated_series): [yesteryear](/wiki/yesteryear_(episode)); [star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture); [voy](/wiki/star_trek:_voyager): [in the flesh](/wiki/in_the_flesh_(episode)); [ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [strange new world](/wiki/strange_new_world_(episode)); [dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [lethe](/wiki/lethe_(episode)), [magic to make the sanest man go mad](/wiki/magic_to_make_the_sanest_man_go_mad_(episode)), [unification iii](/wiki/unification_iii_(episode)); [snw](/wiki/star_trek:_strange_new_worlds): [charades](/wiki/charades_(episode)); [pro](/wiki/star_trek:_prodigy): [starstruck](/wiki/starstruck_(episode)))
vulcan was a founding member of both the [coalition of planets](/wiki/coalition_of_planets) in [2155](/wiki/2155) and the [united federation of planets](/wiki/united_federation_of_planets) in [2161](/wiki/2161). During the [dominion war](/wiki/dominion_war) of the late [24th century](/wiki/24th_century), vulcans strategic importance was on par with worlds like [andor](/wiki/andor), [berengaria vii](/wiki/berengaria_vii), and [earth](/wiki/earth). In the post-[burn](/wiki/the_burn) era, the planet – now called nivar – became an independent world with the planetary [government](/wiki/ni%27var_government) resolving [centuries](/wiki/century)-old issues of reunification between the [romulans](/wiki/romulan) and the vulcans. In [3189](/wiki/3189), after the mystery of the burn was solved and a repeat prevented, nivar commenced negotiations to rejoin the federation, doing so [the following year](/wiki/3190). ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [zero hour](/wiki/zero_hour_(episode)), [demons](/wiki/demons_(episode)), [terra prime](/wiki/terra_prime_(episode)), [these are the voyages...](/Wiki/these_are_the_voyages..._(episode)); ([ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [in the cards](/wiki/in_the_cards_(episode)), [in the pale moonlight](/wiki/in_the_pale_moonlight_(episode)); [dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [unification iii](/wiki/unification_iii_(episode)), [that hope is you, part 2](/wiki/that_hope_is_you,_part_2_(episode)), [all is possible](/wiki/all_is_possible_(episode))}
nivar was the [homeworld](/wiki/homeworld) of the [vulcans](/wiki/vulcan) and the [ancestors](/wiki/ancestor) of the [romulans](/wiki/romulan), who left the planet to [colonize](/wiki/colonize) a new world in the wake of [surak](/wiki/surak)s reforms thousands of years ago. ([Tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [the man trap](/wiki/the_man_trap_(episode)), [balance of terror](/wiki/balance_of_terror_(episode)))
planetary features
vulcan had a considerably thinner [atmosphere](/wiki/atmosphere), and higher [temperature](/wiki/temperature) than earth. Its [climate](/wiki/climate) was generally harsh, with most of the [surface](/wiki/surface) consisting of large [deserts](/wiki/desert) or [mountain ranges](/wiki/mountain_range), along with scattered small [seas](/wiki/sea). Desert areas were prone to large amounts of heat, light, and electrical [sandfire storms](/wiki/sandfire_storm). By the mid-[23rd century](/wiki/23rd_century), the phrase hot as vulcan had become part of the vernacular. When [doctor](/wiki/doctor) [leonard mccoy](/wiki/leonard_mccoy) visited the planet in [2267](/wiki/2267), he came to understand what the [phrase](/wiki/phrase) meant. ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [the forge](/wiki/the_forge_(episode)), [awakening](/wiki/awakening_(episode)), [kirshara](/wiki/kir%27shara_(episode)); [tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [amok time](/wiki/amok_time_(episode)))
vulcan was divided into [provinces](/wiki/province) and [districts](/wiki/district). There were several tourist attractions on vulcan, including active [volcanoes](/wiki/volcano), ancient ruins, and [lava fields](/wiki/lava_field). When [charles tucker](/wiki/charles_tucker_iii) visited the planet in [2154](/wiki/2154), he didnt know which site he would look at first. ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [home](/wiki/home_(episode)); [tng](/wiki/star_trek:_the_next_generation): [gambit, part ii](/wiki/gambit,_part_ii_(episode)), remastered)
other points of interest include religious sites such as the [temple of amonak](/wiki/temple_of_amonak), the [temple of tpanit](/wiki/temple_of_t%27panit), and the [tkarath sanctuary](/wiki/t%27karath_sanctuary). ([Voy](/wiki/star_trek:_voyager): [hunters](/wiki/hunters_(episode)), [riddles](/wiki/riddles_(episode)), [ashes to ashes](/wiki/ashes_to_ashes_(episode)); [ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [the forge](/wiki/the_forge_(episode)); [tng](/wiki/star_trek:_the_next_generation): [gambit, part ii](/wiki/gambit,_part_ii_(episode)))
vulcan had several [wilderness preserves](/wiki/wilderness_preserve). ([Ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [life support](/wiki/life_support_(episode)))
the vulcan [sky](/wiki/sky) was typically [red](/wiki/red) or [beige](/wiki/beige) in [color](/wiki/color), though on occasion it appeared [blue](/wiki/blue_(color)). ([Tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [amok time](/wiki/amok_time_(episode)); [ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [strange new world](/wiki/strange_new_world_(episode)); [star trek](/wiki/star_trek_(film))) [aurorae](/wiki/aurora_(astronomy)) sometimes appeared over the planet. ([Dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [unification iii](/wiki/unification_iii_(episode)))
cities and regions
points of interest
land features and formations
vulcan biota
vulcans native species were generally not predatory, though there were some exceptions. ([Tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [the squire of gothos](/wiki/the_squire_of_gothos_(episode)))
animals
plants
history
- see also:
[vulcan history](/wiki/vulcan_history)
vulcans earliest contacts with [alien](/wiki/alien) beings did not become legends, like in earths history. They were known events, and according to [spock](/wiki/spock), the aliens left vulcan much wiser. ([Tas](/wiki/star_trek:_the_animated_series): [how sharper than a serpents tooth](/wiki/how_sharper_than_a_serpent%27s_tooth_(episode)))
early in its history, vulcan had an aggressive, colonizing period, much like earth but even more barbaric. ([Tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [balance of terror](/wiki/balance_of_terror_(episode)))
at some point in their history, the vulcan people started to build giant [statues](/wiki/statue) at various locations of the planet, like the fire plains. ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [home](/wiki/home_(episode)), [the forge](/wiki/the_forge_(episode)); [star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture))
as early as the mid-[20th century](/wiki/20th_century), the planet vulcan had contact with the [tellarites](/wiki/tellarite) and, covertly, with [humans](/wiki/human). By the late [21st](/wiki/21st_century) or early [22nd century](/wiki/22nd_century), vulcans had established contact with the humans, [cardassians](/wiki/cardassian), [klingons](/wiki/klingon), [tholians](/wiki/tholian), and [trill](/wiki/trill), among others. ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [carbon creek](/wiki/carbon_creek_(episode)), [future tense](/wiki/future_tense_(episode)); [ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [destiny](/wiki/destiny_(episode)))
in [2152](/wiki/2152), there were over a million [physicians](/wiki/physician) on vulcan. ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [stigma](/wiki/stigma_(episode)))
during the 22nd century, the [death penalty](/wiki/death_penalty) was still common practice in vulcan [courts](/wiki/court) for a small number of offenses, including [treason](/wiki/treason). ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [kirshara](/wiki/kir%27shara_(episode)))
by the mid-22nd century, vulcan had a history of conflict with andoria, controlled the [coridanite](/wiki/coridanite) government, and had exchanged [ambassadors](/wiki/ambassador) with earth and [qonos](/wiki/qo%27nos), among others. After the [babel crisis](/wiki/babel_crisis), vulcan became a founding member of the [coalition of planets](/wiki/coalition_of_planets) before co-founding the federation in [2161](/wiki/2161). ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [broken bow](/wiki/broken_bow_(episode)), [shadows of pjem](/wiki/shadows_of_p%27jem_(episode)), [demons](/wiki/demons_(episode)), [these are the voyages...](/Wiki/these_are_the_voyages..._(episode)))
very rare among the planets residents, as she was human rather than vulcan, was [amanda grayson](/wiki/amanda_grayson), wife of vulcan ambassador [sarek](/wiki/sarek). ([Tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [the naked time](/wiki/the_naked_time_(episode)), [this side of paradise](/wiki/this_side_of_paradise_(episode)), [journey to babel](/wiki/journey_to_babel_(episode)), et al.)
in the mid-[2280s](/wiki/2280s), this planet sent [cargo containers](/wiki/cargo_container) to [regula](/wiki/regula). ([Star trek ii: the wrath of khan](/wiki/star_trek_ii:_the_wrath_of_khan))
[tobin dax](/wiki/tobin_dax) met [iloja of prim](/wiki/iloja_of_prim) during the [cardassian](/wiki/cardassian)s [exile](/wiki/exile) on vulcan. ([Ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [destiny](/wiki/destiny_(episode)))
in [2328](/wiki/2328), [charles brettner](/wiki/charles_brettner) traveled to vulcan from the [zed lapis sector spaceport](/wiki/zed_lapis_sector_spaceport) on the commercial [transport](/wiki/transport) [ss kogin](/wiki/ss_kogin). ([Tng-r](/wiki/star_trek:_the_next_generation): [inheritance](/wiki/inheritance_(episode)), [okudagram](/wiki/commercial_transport_database))
as of late [2373](/wiki/2373), on the eve of the [dominion war](/wiki/dominion_war), vulcans strategic importance for the federation was on par with worlds like andor, [berengaria](/wiki/berengaria_vii), and earth. When [kai](/wiki/kai) [winn](/wiki/winn_adami) rhetorically asked [captain](/wiki/captain) [sisko](/wiki/benjamin_sisko) whether he would promise to sacrifice those strategic planets in order to protect [bajor](/wiki/bajor) from the [jemhadar](/wiki/jem%27hadar), he denied this notion. ([Ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [in the cards](/wiki/in_the_cards_(episode)))
during the early [months](/wiki/month) of the [dominion war](/wiki/dominion_war), the [fifth fleet](/wiki/fifth_fleet) was fighting the [dominion](/wiki/dominion) near vulcan. ([Ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [favor the bold](/wiki/favor_the_bold_(episode)))
in [2374](/wiki/2374), [ishka](/wiki/ishka) was given special dispensation by [grand nagus](/wiki/grand_nagus) [zek](/wiki/zek) to leave [ferenginar](/wiki/ferenginar) for vulcan to have her [ears](/wiki/ear) raised. On her way back, she was captured by the dominion. ([Ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [the magnificent ferengi](/wiki/the_magnificent_ferengi_(episode)))
later that same year, [betazed](/wiki/betazed) fell to the dominion, and [major](/wiki/major) [kira](/wiki/kira_nerys) noted that they were now in a position to threaten vulcan. Shortly thereafter, kira confirmed that the dominion had been building up their forces on betazed and that they would be able to launch an attack on vulcan. ([Ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [in the pale moonlight](/wiki/in_the_pale_moonlight_(episode)), [the reckoning](/wiki/the_reckoning_(episode)))
[star trek: deep space nine](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine)writers toyed with making vulcan the planet that was conquered by the dominion in in the pale moonlight. However, they decided to go with betazed, as vulcan carried too much weight, in the words of
[ronald d. Moore](/wiki/ronald_d._moore). (
[star trek: deep space nine companion](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine_companion), p. 557)
in [2375](/wiki/2375), [julian bashir](/wiki/julian_bashir) complained to [miles obrien](/wiki/miles_o%27brien) about his efforts to infiltrate [section 31](/wiki/section_31), comparing them to chasing phantoms from [here](/wiki/deep_space_9) to vulcan. ([Ds9](/wiki/star_trek:_deep_space_nine): [tacking into the wind](/wiki/tacking_into_the_wind_(episode)))
in [2402](/wiki/2402), [deanna troi](/wiki/deanna_troi) and [william t. Riker](/wiki/william_t._riker) considered taking a [beach](/wiki/beach_(formation)) [vacation](/wiki/vacation) to vulcan. ([Pic](/wiki/star_trek:_picard): [the last generation](/wiki/the_last_generation_(episode)))
by the [32nd century](/wiki/32nd_century), vulcan was home to both vulcans and romulans following reunification. The planet was renamed nivar to symbolize the two [cultures](/wiki/culture) living together. However, it left the federation following [the burn](/wiki/the_burn). ([Dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [unification iii](/wiki/unification_iii_(episode)))
in [3189](/wiki/3189), after assisting the federation in a skirmish with the [emerald chain](/wiki/emerald_chain) [warship](/wiki/warship) [viridian](/wiki/viridian) and a commandeered [uss discovery](/wiki/uss_discovery), nivar was considering rejoining the federation. ([Dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [that hope is you, part 2](/wiki/that_hope_is_you,_part_2_(episode))) as of [3190](/wiki/3190), nivar remained separate from the federation for the time being ([dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [anomaly (dis)](/wiki/anomaly_(dis)_(episode))) and was an [extradition](/wiki/extradition) planet with the federation. ([Dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [choose to live](/wiki/choose_to_live_(episode))) following negotiations conducted by [michael burnham](/wiki/michael_burnham), the adopted sister of [spock](/wiki/spock), and [saru](/wiki/saru), nivar officially rejoined the federation. ([Dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [all is possible](/wiki/all_is_possible_(episode)))
mirror universe
in the [mirror universe](/wiki/mirror_universe), vulcan was conquered by the [terran empire](/wiki/terran_empire) between [2063](/wiki/2063) and [2155](/wiki/2155). In that year vulcans were among the slave races participating in a [large-scale rebellion](/wiki/terran_empire_rebellion) against the empire, and [tpol](/wiki/t%27pol_(mirror)) feared that if [jonathan archer](/wiki/jonathan_archer_(mirror)) became the [terran emperor](/wiki/terran_emperor), he would use the [uss defiant](/wiki/uss_defiant_(ncc-1764)) to crush the uprising and lay waste to vulcan. ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [in a mirror, darkly](/wiki/in_a_mirror,_darkly_(episode)), [in a mirror, darkly, part ii](/wiki/in_a_mirror,_darkly,_part_ii_(episode)))
vulcan remained a dominion of the empire by [2256](/wiki/2256), when emperor [philippa georgiou](/wiki/philippa_georgiou_(mirror)) held the [title](/wiki/title) [overlord of vulcan](/wiki/overlord_of_vulcan). ([Dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [vaulting ambition](/wiki/vaulting_ambition_(episode)))
alternate reality
- main article:
[vulcan (alternate reality)](/wiki/vulcan_(alternate_reality))
in the [alternate reality](/wiki/alternate_reality) created by [nero](/wiki/nero)s [temporal incursion](/wiki/temporal_incursion), the planet vulcan was [destroyed by the narada](/wiki/destruction_of_vulcan) in [2258](/wiki/2258), rendering the vulcan race an endangered species. ([Star trek](/wiki/star_trek_(film))) survivors of the disaster later established a new homeworld, which they named [new vulcan](/wiki/new_vulcan). ([Star trek into darkness](/wiki/star_trek_into_darkness))
inhabitants
vulcans inhabitants were mostly vulcan. Notable exceptions included [amanda grayson](/wiki/amanda_grayson) and her [alternate reality counterpart](/wiki/amanda_grayson_(alternate_reality)), and [michael burnham](/wiki/michael_burnham), all who were members of [sarek](/wiki/sarek)s family. ([Tas](/wiki/star_trek:_the_animated_series): [yesteryear](/wiki/yesteryear_(episode)), [star trek: discovery](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery)) the human senior staff of [uss enterprise](/wiki/uss_enterprise_(ncc-1701)) also lived there while in exile due to their disobeying orders to restore spock. ([Star trek iv: the voyage home](/wiki/star_trek_iv:_the_voyage_home))
stellar cartography
vulcan was located a little over sixteen [light years](/wiki/light_year) from earth, near the [andorian system](/wiki/andorian_system). ([Ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [the andorian incident](/wiki/the_andorian_incident_(episode)), [home](/wiki/home_(episode))) in the [2270s](/wiki/2270s), a [constitution ii-class](/wiki/constitution_ii_class) [heavy cruiser](/wiki/heavy_cruiser) traveling at [warp speed](/wiki/warp_speed) from earth could reach vulcan in four days. ([Star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture))
in the [2150s](/wiki/2150s), this planets position was labeled on an [united earth](/wiki/united_earth) [star chart](/wiki/star_chart) which was displayed in several crew and guest [quarters](/wiki/quarters) aboard the [enterprise](/wiki/enterprise_(nx-01)). ([Star trek: enterprise](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise), set decoration))
in [2365](/wiki/2365), the location of vulcan was labeled in a subspace comm net ops star chart, which was seen in the [courtroom](/wiki/courtroom) on [starbase 173](/wiki/starbase_173). This planet was connected to [regulus](/wiki/regulus), [sol system](/wiki/sol_system), and an unnamed location by subspace lines. ([Tng](/wiki/star_trek:_the_next_generation): [the measure of a man](/wiki/the_measure_of_a_man_(episode)))
[[1]](http://propstoreauction.Com/lot-details/index/catalog/397/lot/139465?Url=%2fauctions%2fcatalog%2fid%2f397%3fpage%3d5%26view%3dgrid%26catm%3dany%26order%3dorder_num%26xclosed%3dyes%26featured%3dno%26key%3dthe%2bnext%2bgeneration)
the planets location was labeled in a [federation star chart](/wiki/federation_star_charts#commander-in-chiefs_office,_2399) that was in [fleet admiral](/wiki/fleet_admiral) [kirsten clancy](/wiki/kirsten_clancy)s [office](/wiki/office) at [starfleet headquarters](/wiki/starfleet_headquarters) in [2399](/wiki/2399) and on the [bridge](/wiki/bridge) of the [uss titan-a](/wiki/uss_titan_(ncc-80102-a)) in [2401](/wiki/2401). Vulcan was in or near to [federation space](/wiki/federation_space). ([Pic](/wiki/star_trek:_picard): [maps and legends](/wiki/maps_and_legends_(episode)), [the next generation](/wiki/the_next_generation_(episode)), [disengage](/wiki/disengage_(episode)))
in 2401, this planets position was labeled on a [star chart](/wiki/star_chart) used by [captain](/wiki/captain) [william t. Riker](/wiki/william_t._riker) during his attempt at finding the last known location of the [ss eleos xii](/wiki/ss_eleos_xii). ([Pic](/wiki/star_trek:_picard): [the next generation](/wiki/the_next_generation_(episode)))
in [3190](/wiki/3190), the location of nivar was labeled on a star chart used by [commander](/wiki/commander) [paul stamets](/wiki/paul_stamets) for tracking the movement of the [dark matter anomaly](/wiki/dark_matter_anomaly) through the [galaxy](/wiki/milky_way_galaxy). ([Dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [the examples](/wiki/the_examples_(episode)))
appendices
appearances
[:](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series)[:](/wiki/star_trek:_the_animated_series)[:](/wiki/star_trek_films)[:](/wiki/star_trek:_the_next_generation)[voy](/wiki/star_trek:_voyager):-
[persistence of vision](/wiki/persistence_of_vision_(episode)) (illusory) -
[gravity](/wiki/gravity_(episode))
-
[:](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise)[:](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery)[pic](/wiki/star_trek:_picard):-
[penance](/wiki/penance_(episode))
-
[snw](/wiki/star_trek:_strange_new_worlds):-
[strange new worlds](/wiki/strange_new_worlds_(episode)) -
[spock amok](/wiki/spock_amok_(episode)) (dream only)
-
background information
establishing vulcan
[spock](/wiki/spock)s homeworld was originally to have been [mars](/wiki/mars). At a time when vulcans were known as vulcanians, their home planet was to have been named vulcanis. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 1, issue 2](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_1,_issue_2), p. 82) this name was in fact used in an [nbc](/wiki/nbc) promotional booklet announcing the [first season](/wiki/tos_season_1) of [star trek: the original series](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series), the [1966](/wiki/1966_(production))/[1967](/wiki/1967_(production)) season. [[2]](http://theinvisibleagent.Files.Wordpress.Com/2011/06/star-trek-season-1-sell-sheet-intro-pages-4-5.Jpg) an amended complaint of copyright infringement in the case of [paramount pictures](/wiki/paramount_pictures) and [cbs studios inc.](/Wiki/cbs_studios_inc.) Vs. Axanar productions and alec peters (the court document was filed on [11 march](/wiki/11_march) [2016](/wiki/march_2016)) erroneously alleged that the name vulcanis was also used to refer to the planet in [tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [where no man has gone before](/wiki/where_no_man_has_gone_before_(episode)). Although that episode does include mention of the planet, it isnt cited by name on that occasion (with [elizabeth dehner](/wiki/elizabeth_dehner) instead referring to it simply as your planet in conversation with spock). The name vulcanis was used during early production of tos season 1 but was changed to vulcan soon thereafter. (Amok time [text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary), [tos season 1 dvd](/wiki/tos_season_1_dvd)) the planet was referred to with that name in an ultimately unused line of dialogue from the final draft script of [mudds women](/wiki/mudd%27s_women_(episode)) (dated [26 may](/wiki/26_may) [1966](/wiki/may_1966)), in which [kirk](/wiki/james_t._kirk) admitted to having been on vulcan (though he didnt go into any further detail about the planet). Whereas the first-produced mention of the planet was in where no man has gone before, the first aired episode to reference it was [the man trap](/wiki/the_man_trap_(episode)), which firmly established the planets name as vulcan.
in [star trek](/wiki/star_trek) [fandom](/wiki/trekkie), intense curiosity about what vulcan would be like developed during the first season of tos. Rumors that the planet would feature in an episode of the series [second season](/wiki/tos_season_2) leaked to the fans while the first seasons episodes were being rerun. That episode turned out to be [amok time](/wiki/amok_time_(episode)). ([The star trek compendium](/wiki/the_star_trek_compendium), 3rd ed., P. 74) the excitement to discover how vulcan would look enveloped not only fandom but also actor [leonard nimoy](/wiki/leonard_nimoy), who was consequently eager to begin work on the episode. He was really anxious to see what the writer, director and [production designer] [matt jefferies](/wiki/matt_jefferies) had come up with in the way of a look for spocks home planet, wrote [william shatner](/wiki/william_shatner). ([Star trek memories](/wiki/star_trek_memories), [2009](/wiki/2009_(production)) ed., P. 133)
during the writing of amok time, nbc executive [stan robertson](/wiki/stan_robertson) decided he wanted more of the planet vulcan to be demonstrated than was depicted in the episodes original story outline. A memo he wrote about his reactions to that story treatment thus included the statement, the planet vulcan [...] [Has] been built as such a mystery throughout our series that unless we establish more of the planet than is outlined here [...] We will indeed be cheating our viewers. ([These are the voyages: tos season two](/wiki/these_are_the_voyages:_tos_season_two), [[3]](http://thesearethevoyagesbooks.Com/the-writing-of-ldquoamok-timerdquo.Html)) some fans expected amok time to begin on the planet. Some viewers wanted it to feature a vulcan city portrayed with new sets and [matte paintings](/wiki/matte_painting). However, these expectations were mostly unrealized, one example being that the episode instead begins aboard the [uss enterprise](/wiki/uss_enterprise_(ncc-1701)). ([The star trek compendium](/wiki/the_star_trek_compendium), 3rd ed., P. 74) also, the prospect of constructing a high-tech, sprawling city was actually not financially viable for the series, simply being too costly to be practical. (Amok time text commentary, tos season 1 dvd) [d.C. Fontana](/wiki/d.C._fontana), who contributed to the writing of amok time, remembered, we realized we couldnt show a lot of vulcan; one of the stipulations for the script was that it be in a relatively tight area, so that we just get a flavor, a feeling. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 1, issue 2](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_1,_issue_2), p. 84)
although the first appearance of vulcan in amok time is a view of the planet as seen from orbit, the planet is excluded from the equivalent version of the scene in the episodes revised final draft script, which instead details two consecutive flybys of the enterprise alone. The script continues with a turbolift scene in which scripted dialogue concerning the planet was ultimately eliminated from the episode, including spock implying to kirk that – due to his biology – he can instinctively sense when he is nearing vulcan. In the first scripted description of an orbital view of the planet, vulcan is characterized as a hot planet... Yellow, orange... No cool colors about it.
depictions of vulcan as seen from orbit in the original version of amok time featured a reuse of a globe that was often used to represent [class m](/wiki/class_m) planets but was also frequently reused as various other planets – in which case, it was tinted in a variety of hues, either by an optical printer or by a color timer. The globes reuses included [deneva](/wiki/deneva) in [operation -- annihilate!](/Wiki/operation_--_annihilate!_(episode)) and [gamma canaris n](/wiki/gamma_canaris_n) in [metamorphosis](/wiki/metamorphosis_(episode)). [[4]](http://startrekhistory.Com/sfx.Html) the [remastered](/wiki/tos-r) edition of amok time replaced this oft-reused globe with [computer-generated](/wiki/cgi) shots of vulcan.
in both versions of amok time, the surface of vulcan is introduced with a view of a desert area. The episodes script states, this area of vulcan is a landscape of drifting sand stretching away to a distant saw-toothed line of mountains jutting up at the edge of the far horizon.
views of vulcan ceremonial grounds in the original version of amok time took their cue from writer [theodore sturgeon](/wiki/theodore_sturgeon) imagining vulcan culture as highly advanced but with an evolved appreciation for craftsmanship as opposed to high technology. The vulcan setting was therefore devised as a primitive-looking area resembling stonehenge, with numerous handmade artifacts (such as gongs, bells, and wind chimes). Sturgeons method of realizing vulcan was not only planned to be cost-effective but also emphasized the otherworldliness of the planet. (Amok time text commentary, tos season 1 dvd) the script details the ceremonial site as, a fairly level arena area. Rocks around the edges give a half-natural, half-artifact aspect, as if the wind or rain had curved something like a stonehenge, or reduced a stonehenge to something like this. Within this rock area is a vulcan-made open temple. In history, perhaps it was once a shrine. There are two high arches of stone, a level stone floor an open fire-pit toward the rear as we look at it. Important: several huge jade-like wind chimes hang in view... And as the hot breeze stirs the green, hanging rock together, we hear strange musical notes. In scripted dialogue that was not incorporated into either televised version of the episode, the arena is described by spock as his familys place for mating.
theodore sturgeons approach to representing vulcan inspired [matt jefferies](/wiki/matt_jefferies) to contribute such embellishments as patches of glistening sand on the ground. Though the setting of the vulcan temple was much cheaper to show on-screen than a city would have been, it was still considerably expensive, owing in no small part to the fact that most of the rocks and other structures of the faux landscape had to be fabricated from scratch; few of them could be reused from other planet sets. All of the episodes vulcan set was built on [paramount stage 32](/wiki/paramount_stage_32), which incorporated deep red stage lighting to emulate vulcans sky. (Amok time text commentary, tos season 1 dvd)
unfortunately, the extensive use of the set to depict vulcan was extremely evident, even to the extent that overhead spotlights illuminating the area were accidentally shown. ([The star trek compendium](/wiki/the_star_trek_compendium), 3rd ed., P. 75) despite the limitedness of how the episode portrayed the planet, vulcan turned out to be a more peculiar place than most people had expected. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 1, issue 2](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_1,_issue_2), p. 84) the vulcan surface was made to look more extensive in the remastered edition of amok time. Its depiction was inspired by tos-r visual effects producer [dave rossi](/wiki/dave_rossi), who was working on the breakdown of amok times visual effects shots while touting the remastered series at a star trek convention in chicago. I soon realized that the number of times we see the red sky behind the actors was going to make it impossible to treat it in any way. I hated that thing. No background of vulcan, no definition, just a red curtain, he remarked. As i was flying back to los angeles, it dawned on me that maybe the reason we only see red sky is because the ancient ceremonial grounds were high up in the sky, like on a mountain. I had a friend sketch the idea that this arena of rock had two natural stone bridges that connected it to mountain chains on each side. ([Star trek: the official starships collection](/wiki/star_trek:_the_official_starships_collection), issue 86, p. 16) the new cgi shots of the planet also included a city shown from a distance. The background, encompassing the city, was a painting, whereas the foreground was done by [max gabl](/wiki/max_gabl) as a three-dimensional render and painted over. [[5]](https://www.Ex-astris-scientia.Org/inconsistencies/tos_surfaces.Htm) (to view a representation of how max gabl created this view of vulcan, see [this video](http://maxgabl.Com/content/videos/startrek_amoktime.Html).)
coincidentally, at around the same time [star trek](/wiki/star_trek) was establishing vulcan in late 1966, the british series [doctor who](/wiki/doctor_who) featured a story arc, entitled [the power of the daleks](https://tardis.Fandom.Com/wiki/the_power_of_the_daleks), which featured a planet named [vulcan](https://tardis.Fandom.Com/wiki/vulcan_(the_power_of_the_daleks)) as a setting.
vulcans characteristics of a higher gravity but thinner atmosphere than earth were inspired by the fact that spock was already established as having both greater strength and keener hearing than a typical human. ([Star trek - where no one has gone before](/wiki/star_trek_-_where_no_one_has_gone_before), p. 35)
news that a second star trek episode would feature vulcan was announced at a [convention](/wiki/star_trek_convention) wherein amok time was first shown to fans. Most of the fans in attendance reckoned that the story would be set mostly at spocks family abode on vulcan. ([The star trek compendium](/wiki/the_star_trek_compendium), 3rd ed., P. 88) indeed, the planets surface was originally intended to make a reappearance in that second installment, d.C. Fontanas [journey to babel](/wiki/journey_to_babel_(episode)); for the first time, a city on the planet was planned to be shown. The creation of a matte painting was considered to be prohibitively costly, however. (Babel #5; enterprise incidents, number 11, p. 26) the planets surface consequently appears in only one installment of tos: amok time. In the filming script of journey to babel, vulcan is described as a hot yellow-orange planet. However, in the episodes final version, the planet has a deep red tint.
initial reappearances
vulcan was intended to serve as the primary location of an ultimately [undeveloped star trek series](/wiki/undeveloped_star_trek_projects) that would have been centered around spock and was, shortly after the cancellation of the original star trek series, proposed to [gene roddenberry](/wiki/gene_roddenberry) by [paramount](/wiki/paramount_pictures). ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 18)
having found the task of bringing the planet to the screen in tos to have been fraught with difficulties, d.C. Fontana realized a promising means of showing more of the planet. Any story on vulcan that came up on the original show faced two problems, she rationalized. First, all available outdoor [location sites](/wiki/filming_locations) looked like earth – southern [california](/wiki/california), to be exact. Second, sets built on the stage suffered from the slightly artificial look all such sets suffer – and we could only afford one major set of this kind. Thus, scope was also limited. Animation, however, would allow us to show the planet vulcan any way i saw fit. Although it had been established in amok time that most of the planet was desert, i wanted to depict other aspects of vulcan. Thus, the episode [yesteryear](/wiki/yesteryear_(episode)), from [the animated star trek series](/wiki/star_trek:_the_animated_series), establishes such expansive sites as shikahr, which fontana characterized as the foremost city of vulcan. (Babel #5; enterprise incidents number 11, p. 26)
when vulcan is first shown in yesteryear, the script describes the planet as having a cloudless, orangy red sky, and implies that the lack of clouds is due to the thinness of vulcans atmosphere, though what is actually shown in the episode is more of a yellowish brown sky, with many clouds. The script also states that some flowers were imported to vulcan from other planets, instructs that [dust demons](/wiki/dust_demon) were to have been shown, and comments, while vulcan is an old planet, its thin atmosphere keeps erosion to a minimum.
a reference to a family shrine in yesteryear, regarding an area associated with sarek and spocks relatives, was meant as an allusion to the vulcan ceremonial grounds shown in amok time, but this wasnt established on-screen. (Babel #5; enterprise incidents, number 11, p. 27)
in retrospect, d.C. Fontana speculated, vulcan could probably have been visualized both with locations and on stages [in yesteryear]. ([Star trek magazine issue 125](/wiki/star_trek_magazine_issue_125), p. 83) however, she ultimately found the use of animation to have been the ideal way to show such things as the planet. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 1, issue 2](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_1,_issue_2), p. 87) yesteryears rare views of vulcan were also welcomed by the fans. ([Star trek magazine issue 125](/wiki/star_trek_magazine_issue_125), p. 81) in fact, the episodes depiction of vulcan was of such a scale that later productions, even the [star trek films](/wiki/star_trek_films) and spin-off television series with their higher budgets, had difficulty measuring up to it, using location filming and matte paintings. (Yesteryear [text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary) [tas dvd](/wiki/star_trek:_the_animated_series_(dvd)))
first film portrayal
writing the planet into the film
vulcan was intended to be included in the first star trek film (which eventually became [1979](/wiki/1979_(production))s [star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture)) ever since gene roddenberry wrote a treatment entitled [the god thing](/wiki/the_god_thing) and submitted it to paramount in [1975](/wiki/1975_(production)). In that story, vulcan featured in a limited fashion, with the enterprise simply taking spock aboard from the planet. ([Lost voyages of trek and the next generation](/wiki/lost_voyages_of_trek_and_the_next_generation), p. 9)
vulcan played a much more central role in another treatment, written later that year by [jon povill](/wiki/jon_povill). This treatment involved an ancient psychic cloud – designed on vulcan as a weapon to elicit discord amidst an opposing army and released from the planet during its final war, centuries ago – causing the vulcans who now resided on their homeworld to revert to the aggressive moods and other negative emotions of their ancient ancestors, and the vulcan population consequently choosing to break the planet away from the federation. The enterprise traveled back in time to vulcans violent past, obtained the psychic generator from a secret compound near the planets southern pole and returned to vulcans present, moments before an all-out war was initiated between starfleet and the vulcans, in orbit of the planet. An emotionally positive-charged psychic cloud from the generator aboard the ship prevented the war and kirk theorized the second cloud had been responsible for the historical change in temperament on vulcan, though spock explained that this was not the case. ([Lost voyages of trek and the next generation](/wiki/lost_voyages_of_trek_and_the_next_generation), pp. 11-14)
later drafts involved the planet vulcan to a significantly lesser degree. A third treatment penned in 1975, this time by gene roddenberry and jon povill, was set in an [alternate timeline](/wiki/alternate_timeline) wherein not only did the enterprise transfer spock on board from the planet but also no contact between vulcan and earth had ever been made. ([Lost voyages of trek and the next generation](/wiki/lost_voyages_of_trek_and_the_next_generation), p. 15) one seemingly common factor within these early film scripts was that vulcan was the place from where spock was brought aboard the enterprise; another of the screenplays to feature the planet in this way was [star trek: planet of the titans](/wiki/star_trek:_planet_of_the_titans). ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 32)
since the character of spock had to be written out of star trek for [star trek: phase ii](/wiki/star_trek:_phase_ii) (due to [leonard nimoy](/wiki/leonard_nimoy)s unwillingness to participate in that [ultimately abandoned series](/wiki/undeveloped_star_trek_projects)), the series bible – the writers/directors guide for phase ii – stated that spock had returned to vulcan, more-or-less permanently. ([Star trek phase ii: the lost series](/wiki/star_trek_phase_ii:_the_lost_series), p. 84) the planet was absent from [in thy image](/wiki/in_thy_image), the story that was intended to serve as phase iis pilot episode but eventually developed into the motion picture. ([Star trek phase ii: the lost series](/wiki/star_trek_phase_ii:_the_lost_series)) in a meeting that convinced nimoy to participate in the movie, however, gene roddenberry informed him of having had the idea of depicting the vulcan setting much as it is shown in the film, with spock having returned there since the ending of the original series. ([Star trek movie memories](/wiki/star_trek_movie_memories), p. 70) nimoy, when later interviewed about why he had been the last of the regular cast to sign on to the film, jokingly blamed his late response on the slowness of the mail service between earth and vulcan. ([I am spock](/wiki/i_am_spock), hardback ed., P. 166) eventually, he also convinced the motion pictures screenplay writer, [harold livingston](/wiki/harold_livingston), that incorporating the vulcan setting into the film was a good idea. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 2, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_2,_issue_8), p. 83)
physical appearance in first film
in the shooting script of the motion picture, the scenes on vulcan are said to be set during daytime, yet the theatrical cut of the film consistently shows the planet with black, starry skies. As scripted, the planet was to have been introduced with the camera moving through thick, steamy clouds before the planets surface would have been shown. The script details the mountainous vulcan landscape as having harsh, strange angular peaks and rock formations, and the planet itself as being barren as well as legendary. Although the film itself shows spock moving between two different areas, this does not happen in the shooting script, which instead describes only one location; spock was to have been located atop a stone platform or ledge amid ruins, facing a semi-circle of three similar platforms (for the trio of vulcan masters), with gigantic ancient vulcan statues and ruins in the background. [[6]](https://www.St-minutiae.Com/resources/scripts/tmp.Txt)
during the months of pre-production on the motion picture, director [robert wise](/wiki/robert_wise) and production illustrator maurice zuberano – interested in finding a location to represent vulcan – searched through numerous books depicting distant natural wonders and/or ruins, at sites such as afghanistan, tibet, and turkey. Ancient temple ruins in a remote area of turkey were at one time seriously considered for use as vulcan. A venture to such exotic locales was considered to be too expensive, though, so this idea was scrapped. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 172)
the presentation of vulcan in the theatrical cut of the motion picture involved matte paintings done by [matthew yuricich](/wiki/matthew_yuricich). He had almost no time to do them, so he was never quite happy with them, noted robert wise. ([Audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture_(the_director%27s_edition))) the vulcan settings were also included in storyboards and, prior to the planets sky being depicted as black with stars, an early matte painting (worked on by yuricich) showed the planet with its more typical golden sky, an illustration that was abandoned in 1979. Producer [david c. Fein](/wiki/david_c._fein) later reasoned, as far as we can tell, they went for a darker environment because it helped to hide the fact that the vulcan elders were actually speaking [english](/wiki/english_language) and not [vulcan](/wiki/vulcan_language). ([Star trek: the magazine volume 2, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_2,_issue_8), pp. 25 & 26) visual effects supervisor [daren dochterman](/wiki/daren_dochterman) suspected that the replacement of the sky from orange to starry black implies that the films original production staff must have had a problem with integrating the early matte painting with live action footage that was used to represent parts of the vulcan landscape. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 2, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_2,_issue_8), p. 59) two matte paintings represent vulcan in the theatrical cut.
the first of these illustrations includes a tiny portion of footage of spock, which was filmed in one of yellowstone national parks geyser fields. ([Audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture_(the_director%27s_edition))) this was at minerva hot springs in the northwest corner of yellowstone, which had been chosen instead of a location further afield. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 172) the area was scouted by maurice zuberano and photographic effects project manager john james. They took photographs of minerva hot springs from every possible angle and successfully negotiated for the park departments permission to shoot the vulcan scenes there, even though it was at the height of the summer tourist season. To limit the danger of the production crew affecting the delicate geological formations in the area, crew setups were at first confined to the parks boardwalks, though the park department later constructed an additional platform to specifications from the films art department. The photographs taken at the location had clearly shown that only one angle was suitable for the filming. [Michael minor](/wiki/michael_minor) also quickly journeyed to the area, after which he started design work on the vulcan scenes, creating a large painting of how the planet might appear in the film. On [8 august](/wiki/8_august) [1978](/wiki/august_1978), minor returned to yellowstone – intending to help capture the location footage – along with ten other individuals, including leonard nimoy, matthew yuricich, john james, second unit cameraman jim lyles, and location special effects coordinator [joe viskocil](/wiki/joe_viskocil). The location shoot lasted three days. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 173) ultimately, robert wise was of the opinion that, in this first wide shot of the planet, spock was hard to identify amid the vast vulcan surroundings, and both wise and gene roddenberry felt there wasnt a strong enough link between [vger](/wiki/v%27ger), which appears in the shot immediately before the vulcan scene, and spock. ([Audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture_(the_director%27s_edition)))
the second matte painting includes a red statue that is shown from waist height and a full view of another statue that is shown from its right side. A flight of stairs in this shot was actually a small, three-piece model created by mike minor and production designer [harold michelson](/wiki/harold_michelson). This miniature was two foot deep by six foot wide and consisted of two-by-two-foot modules bolted together. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 173) the second matte painting does not completely correlate with a live-action close-up shot that precedes it; although the close-up shows spock shielding his face from the sun with his left hand, there is no sun in the painting (which, on the contrary, shows very little sky). The mismatch between these two shots meant that, for some viewers, determining what the wide view was meant to portray was somewhat problematic. (Re-directing the future, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition) special features) daren dochterman opined, its really confusing as to what youre actually looking at. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 2, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_2,_issue_8), p. 59) [doug drexler](/wiki/doug_drexler) concurred, i dont know about you, but when i saw that sequence in the film, i couldnt make head nor tail of what i was looking at. [[7]](https://web.Archive.Org/web/20130402223330/www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek)[(x)](http://www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek)
the close-ups in this vulcan sequence were shot on the paramount lot, in what is known as the [b tank](/wiki/b_tank). By the time the production crew filmed in this area, the location filming in yellowstone had been completed; the art department were initially faced with the task of somehow recreating that setting on the studio lot. A similar requirement, once the b tank was selected as the filming site, was that the proper angle for constructing the set had to be decided, as the sun had been shining on leonard nimoys face at the location. About a month prior to the start of construction in the b tank, mike minor determined the final position for the set, extrapolating where the sun would be, using one of numerous quarter-inch mock-ups that the set designers had of the vulcan scenery, a miniature that minor took to the b tank. Working from the set designers plans, metal platforms and an upper plywood base were built, giving the general impression of the rocks. Chicken wire was added for support before the framework was blown over with a polyurethane foam coating, which was subsequently left to dry and then painted to match the yellowstone version. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), pp. 176-177) special effects supervisor alex weldon was charged with devising a way to realistically recreate the look of pools of steaming milky water that had been at the location. He concocted similar liquid with evaporated milk and white poster paint, mixed with water and poured into the sets pools. Steam bubbling to the top was created with dry ice and steam machines, passed into the water via hidden tubing. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 165) although the filmmakers had at their disposal a large backdrop that was painted like the sky, they decided not to use it for the vulcan scene. They opted to position a giant red boot in the b tank, however, which matched the red statues full-size leg in the second matte painting. (Audio commentary, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)) the boot was sixteen feet high and made from fiberglas. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 177) the total cost of constructing this planet vulcan set was us$42,000. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 95) (additional images of the b tank in its vulcan configuration can be seen [here](https://web.Archive.Org/web/20130402223330/www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek)[(x)](http://www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek).)
revision for directors edition
[foundation imaging](/wiki/foundation_imaging), under robert wises supervision, revised the two matte paintings for [the directors edition](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture_(the_director%27s_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd) of the motion picture. Wise recalled, we started from scratch, took a look at what was already established about vulcan from the original show. (Audio commentary, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)) continued daren dochterman, we went back and saw the original storyboards, and they seemed to work well with the footage that had already been shot. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 2, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_2,_issue_8), p. 59) both of the newly created matte shots were consequently based on the storyboards whose envisions of the vulcan landscape had been discarded from the films theatrical cut. (Re-directing the future, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition) special features; [star trek: communicator issue 136](/wiki/star_trek:_communicator_issue_136), p. 27) foundation also incorporated the live-action plate photography that had originally been filmed for the motion picture, combining it with their digital matte work, and colorized the vulcan skies almost consistently orange. (Audio commentary, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)) in this way, the revised matte paintings were designed to more closely resemble the planets surface as depicted in [star trek iii: the search for spock](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock). ([Text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary), [star trek iii: the search for spock (special edition)](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(special_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd)) [sherry hitch](/wiki/sherry_hitch), from foundation imaging, commented, we blended a lot of elements, [dave [morton]](/wiki/dave_morton) and i. He did.... Id say, ninety percent of the work, though. The entirety of the vulcan settings was created in three-dimensional digital imaging, which enabled morton and hitch to tweak the elements of the newly visualized scenery. (Re-directing the future, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition) special features)
adding a tilt from the vulcan sky to spocks position in the new version of the first matte painting made the character more noticeable and strengthened the sense of connection between him and vger, visually shifting from the clouds position to the vulcan landscape where spock was. (Audio commentary, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)) the pan down from the sky also involved the skys color brightening from the black of open space to the orange of the vulcan sky as seen from the surface.
for the second new matte shot, the restorers not only added the vulcan sun but also chose to cluster the area with vulcan artifacts, incorporating an ancient vulcan temple into the shot and redoing the statues. All of these elements were planned for in the earlier storyboards used by the team. Even though a test version of the second digital matte painting included a pair of newly envisioned statues (their quantity matching those in the theatrical cut), two more statues were added for the final shot, as was a vulcan [lirpa](/wiki/lirpa), held by one of the two preexisting statues. (Re-directing the future, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition) special features) for this sequence, a total of six statues were designed by doug drexler, who was thrilled that daren dochterman invited him to participate. [[8]](https://web.Archive.Org/web/20130402223330/www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek)[(x)](http://www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek) the quantity of drexlers statues matched the number of sides to stones on the vulcan ground, which can be seen in the close-up shots. Drexler also incorporated the same six-sided shapes into the costumes on some of his statues. [[9]](http://seleyatoolympus.Blogspot.Com/2010/04/doug-drexler-and-vulcan-design.Html) (concept sketches of the statues can be viewed [here](https://web.Archive.Org/web/20130402223330/www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek)[(x)](http://www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek).)
as doug drexler and daren dochterman were among those who had found it difficult to make out what the original second matte painting was meant to show, they were both satisfied with the revision. ([[10]](https://web.Archive.Org/web/20130402223330/www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek)[(x)](http://www.Drexfiles.Wordpress.Com/2009/03/22/when-you-wish-upon-a-star-trek); re-directing the future, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition) special features) indeed, dochterman was highly pleased with the modified view, calling the new orange sky beautiful and the new statues gorgeous. (Re-directing the future, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition) special features) he also termed the general landscape really beautiful and concluded, it turned out really nicely. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 2, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_2,_issue_8), p. 59) robert wise enthused, we have a much more dramatic sense of the vulcan landscape with these giant ancient statues all around. (Audio commentary, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition)) regarding the vulcan scenery as depicted in the pair of newly created shots, sherry hitch remarked, its awesome. (Re-directing the future, star trek: the motion picture (the directors edition) special features)
appearances in later films
an initial story outline for star trek iii featured the enterprise paying an early visit to vulcan, prior to heading to earth. This trip to the planet, taken so that mccoy could have a restful leave of absence on vulcan, was against orders, as many of the planets citizens were dissatisfied with the federation having such a powerful weapon as the [genesis device](/wiki/genesis_device). The scene and much of the related material, which were ultimately deemed unnecessary, were removed from the story by [harve bennett](/wiki/harve_bennett), who had originally written the outline and went on to write the films script. Although the planet appears in the films conclusion, the outline did not feature vulcan reappearing and instead ended in orbit of earth. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 3, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_3,_issue_8), pp. 29-30 & 31; [trek: the unauthorized story of the movies](/wiki/trek:_the_unauthorized_story_of_the_movies), pp. 82 & 84)
star trek iii required not only vulcan but also, in the words of harve bennett, the size thereof. ([Audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [star trek iii: the search for spock (special edition)](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(special_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd)/[blu-ray](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(blu-ray))) thus, the films director of photography, [charles correll](/wiki/charles_correll), argued in favor of shooting the movies vulcan scenes in [red rock canyon](https://en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/red_rock_canyon_national_conservation_area), wishing to avoid a phony look. ([Cinefantastique](/wiki/cinefantastique), vol. 17, no. 3/4, p. 84; [the making of the trek films](/wiki/the_making_of_the_trek_films), 3rd ed., P. 57) believing that the events on vulcan at the end of the film were very important, leonard nimoy – who not only played spock in star trek iii but also served as the movies director – wanted the planet to be shown with big sets. Nimoy was pleased with the opportunity to depict the planet on such a grand scale. To the director, the delight of the visuals of the vulcan scene, especially by a vulcan director, harve bennett commented with a laugh, indirectly referring to nimoys double duty in the movie, to show his homeland and its culture in such rich detail, [was] marvelous. ([Audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [star trek iii: the search for spock (blu-ray)](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(blu-ray))/[(special edition)](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(special_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd))
concept paintings of vulcan were created for the film by [industrial light & magic](/wiki/industrial_light_%26_magic), some of which featured primarily blue versions of planetary scenes. ([The art of star trek](/wiki/the_art_of_star_trek), pp. 224 & 225) charles correll aimed to colorize vulcan with deep oranges, however. We wanted the planet to look like it was always sunrise, he stated. ([Cinefantastique](/wiki/cinefantastique), vol. 17, no. 3/4, p. 84; [the making of the trek films](/wiki/the_making_of_the_trek_films), 3rd ed., P. 57) vulcans appearance in star trek iii incorporated several matte paintings provided by ilm. Both that effects house and the films art department worked on the designs for vulcan. ([Star trek: the magazine volume 3, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_3,_issue_8), pp. 27 & 51) as such, [tom lay](/wiki/tom_lay) – one of the production illustrators assigned the task of collaborating with ilm – worked closely with the group on the vulcan sequence. ([The making of the trek films](/wiki/the_making_of_the_trek_films), 3rd ed., P. 53)
a backing which tom lay created for star trek iii and which showed vulcan mountains as viewed from mount seleya ended up being used as the planet surface elsewhere in the film, apparently in an initial panning shot of vulcan. They put some smoke and lighting and we got a mood piece out of it, said lay. ([Cinefantastique](/wiki/cinefantastique), vol. 17, no. 3/4, p. 68) the same shot incorporated some other elements. Ilms [kenneth ralston](/wiki/kenneth_ralston), the films visual effects supervisor, explained, we have some foreground pieces that we shot separately, which pass in front of the camera to give just a slight multiplane effect and a little more depth. ([Cinefex](/wiki/cinefex), no. 18, p. 67)
the collaboration between ilm and the art department at [paramount](/wiki/paramount_pictures) was not an easy one, with the responsibilities of each team occasionally being unclear, such as who should deal with depicting the vulcan landing area for the films [klingon bird-of-prey](/wiki/klingon_bird-of-prey). ([Star trek: the magazine volume 3, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_3,_issue_8), pp. 27, 54 & 51) this landing site was ultimately filmed on location at [occidental college](/wiki/occidental_college) in [los angeles](/wiki/los_angeles), where a facade was erected on the steps of the school. ([Cinefantastique](/wiki/cinefantastique), vol. 17, no. 3/4, p. 84) ken ralston noted, it was simpler than trying to build something, especially with their tight budget. ([Cinefex](/wiki/cinefex), no. 18, p. 67) the location shoot was over a stretch of two days. ([Text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary), [star trek iii: the search for spock (special edition)](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(special_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd)) however, the vulcan scene had to be filmed at night, which meant that lighting the location was not simple. Charles correll explained, in order to accommodate the ilm plates and opticals, it required a tremendous amount of exposure. So, we had to send away. There was one light that they were using in england at the time – a cinematographer by the name of david watkin had built this huge light for night exteriors – and we actually had to emulate that and build our own. And it was this huge light. It was called the wendy light, and we had to put it up with a construction crane. ([Audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [star trek iii: the search for spock (blu-ray)](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(blu-ray))/[(special edition)](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock_(special_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd)) ralston said of the location footage, we shot it around two in the morning; and being a latent image shot, everything had to be done in the camera, so we had to be very careful about what we were doing. It took forever to set it up. After the filming at occidental college, smoke was super-imposed into the latent image shot. ([Cinefex](/wiki/cinefex), no. 18, p. 67) a small portion of the vulcan landing scene was filmed weeks later, on [paramount stage 4](/wiki/paramount_stage_4). (Star trek iii: the search for spock - handbook of production information)
some of the films scenes had to be trimmed or outright deleted, the majority of which took place on vulcan. ([Star trek monthly issue 26](/wiki/star_trek_monthly_issue_26), p. 35) the sequences that involved the planet but were not used were mostly based around a vulcan procession moving spocks unconscious body from the landing area to the top of mount seleya, such as in a never-filmed barge scene for which ilm art director [david carson](/wiki/david_carson_(ilm)) created a conceptual illustration. He remarked, we wrestled quite a bit with trying to come up with an impressive number of environments that you pass through that could be constructed for a reasonable budget, and ultimately we failed! [...] I did this great drawing – its a bunch of people on a submerged river, poling along on this barge. I knew as i was drawing it there was no chance. When harve and leonard [nimoy] looked at it, they said, yeah, that would really be great but theres no way. Another vulcan setting that was designed for star trek iii but never shown in the film was the [hall of ancient thought](/wiki/hall_of_ancient_thought). ([Star trek: the magazine volume 3, issue 8](/wiki/star_trek:_the_magazine_volume_3,_issue_8), p. 54)
ultimately, ken ralston was highly pleased with star trek iiis portrayal of vulcan. It had an interesting look to it, he observed. Its not reality per se, because the situation is so fantastic, and the layout of the place is almost dreamlike. But the continuity of the sets and the effects and the color work very well together–it fools you into believing its much more real than it would have been if they had shot it in the [mojave](/wiki/mojave) desert and then wed have cut to a painting with a whole different set of values [...] The matte guys did some fabulous stuff here. ([Cinefex](/wiki/cinefex), no. 18, p. 67)
following a shot of mount seleya that was actually a reused matte painting from the previous film, star trek ivs depiction of vulcan continues by incorporating some shots of and around the landed [bird-of-prey](/wiki/bird-of-prey), the [hms bounty](/wiki/hms_bounty). Live-action footage involving the base of the ship was filmed outside, in a paramount parking lot. ([Cinefex](/wiki/cinefex), no. 29, p. 6) recalled leonard nimoy (who returned as director for star trek iv), we searched high and low for a location for this sequence [...] We looked at various canyons, we looked at desert. And there were always problems. Either the look wasnt right, or it was too far out of town or whatever. And we ended up shooting it on the paramount lot. And the set construction people and design people did a great job of camouflaging whatever we didnt want to see. They did it with smoke or a piece of a set, or a flat or some painted canvas or something to hide the background, to hide the buildings that [were] within thirty feet of us. ([Audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [star trek iv: the voyage home (blu-ray)](/wiki/star_trek_iv:_the_voyage_home_(blu-ray))/[(special edition](/wiki/star_trek_iv:_the_voyage_home_(special_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd)) to represent the surface of vulcan, tons of reddish dirt and sand were brought in to this area of the lot. Writer [howard weinstein](/wiki/howard_weinstein), who was visiting the set when these live-action components were in place, later remembered, i half-kiddingly contemplated scooping up some red dirt and taking it home to package and sell at conventions as real vulcan sand. ([Star trek magazine issue 165](/wiki/star_trek_magazine_issue_165), p. 50) as well as incorporating live-action plates, the footage of vulcan showing the grounded bird-of-prey was largely a matte painting by matte artist frank ordaz. ([Cinefex](/wiki/cinefex), no. 29, p. 9) a shot of spock looking down towards camera from atop a rocky cliff was shot on location at [vasquez rocks natural area park](/wiki/vasquez_rocks_natural_area_park). ([Text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary), [star trek iv: the voyage home (special edition)](/wiki/star_trek_iv:_the_voyage_home_(special_edition)) [dvd](/wiki/dvd))
as the director of [star trek v: the final frontier](/wiki/star_trek_v:_the_final_frontier) as well as a co-writer of that films story, [william shatner](/wiki/william_shatner) originally envisioned the setting of the movies illusory cave sequence to be in a dark cave where the mysterious birth rites of vulcans took place, concealed from the outside world. This cave was built as part of the set for the films forward observation room. ([Captains log: william shatners personal account of the making of star trek v: the final frontier](/wiki/captain%27s_log:_william_shatner%27s_personal_account_of_the_making_of_star_trek_v:_the_final_frontier), pp. 159 & 157)
spin-off appearances
in common with [journey to babel](/wiki/journey_to_babel_(episode)), the episodes from [star trek: the next generation](/wiki/star_trek:_the_next_generation) that featured vulcan mostly showed only views of the planet from orbit, excluding vulcans surface from reappearing. Two such shots of vulcan are shown in [sarek](/wiki/sarek_(episode)), whose script described the planet as red/brown. However, the same teleplay gave no indication that the planet was to be seen in any more than one shot. [[11]](https://www.St-minutiae.Com/resources/scripts/171.Txt) the second of the three tng installments that feature vulcan, [unification i](/wiki/unification_i_(episode)), was the first time a room on the planet was shown without the exterior of the planets surface being depicted too.
due to the premise of [star trek: voyager](/wiki/star_trek:_voyager), vulcan couldnt periodically be shown as a setting in that series. ([Star trek: voyager - a vision of the future](/wiki/star_trek:_voyager_-_a_vision_of_the_future), p. 164) for vulcans appearance in the voyager episode [persistence of vision](/wiki/persistence_of_vision_(episode)), stock footage from [star trek iv: the voyage home](/wiki/star_trek_iv:_the_voyage_home) was used. ([Delta quadrant](/wiki/delta_quadrant_(reference_book)), p. 77)
in an early version of [ds9 season 4](/wiki/ds9_season_4) two-parter [homefront](/wiki/homefront_(episode)) and [paradise lost](/wiki/paradise_lost_(episode)), vulcan seceded from the federation, as the vulcans objected to the federation becoming increasingly security concerned about the danger of [founder](/wiki/founder) infiltration. Also in the story, the federation, due to the vulcan breakaway, developed a suspicion (ultimately proved wrong) that there were founders on vulcan. ([Captains logs supplemental - the unauthorized guide to the new trek voyages](/wiki/captains%27_logs_supplemental_-_the_unauthorized_guide_to_the_new_trek_voyages), p. 112)
at the start of [star trek: enterprise](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise), [rick berman](/wiki/rick_berman) and [brannon braga](/wiki/brannon_braga) established that vulcan had an antagonistic relationship with earth. This idea extremely appealed to married writing couple [garfield](/wiki/garfield_reeves-stevens) and [judith reeves-stevens](/wiki/judith_reeves-stevens). ([Star trek: the official starships collection](/wiki/star_trek:_the_official_starships_collection), issue 55, p. 15)
the first draft script of [ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [strange new world](/wiki/strange_new_world_(episode)) established that the name vulcan was a non-indigenous name for the planet, having been invented by humans, and that the vulcans called it something else, though precisely what wasnt revealed in the script.
vulcan was mentioned in the final draft script of [ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [detained](/wiki/detained_(episode)) but not in that episodes final edit. In the script, [tpol](/wiki/t%27pol) referred to herself as a citizen of the planet, as part of some ultimately omitted dialogue between herself and [colonel](/wiki/colonel) [grat](/wiki/grat). Vulcan was also mentioned in a [deleted scene](/wiki/deleted_scene) from [ent season 3](/wiki/ent_season_3) offering [chosen realm](/wiki/chosen_realm_(episode)), in which tpol told [prinam](/wiki/pri%27nam) [djamat](/wiki/d%27jamat) and two other [triannons](/wiki/triannon) about the planets violent past. ([Ent season 3 dvd](/wiki/ent_season_3_dvd) and [blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_3_blu-ray) special features)
production illustrator [john eaves](/wiki/john_eaves) was generally impressed with how vulcan was portrayed on star trek: enterprise. The show did do a lot at defining vulcan, he remarked, and it was disturbingly shaky when the series started but was hitting some level and familiar ground by [season 4](/wiki/ent_season_4) [...] I loved that the show spent so much time with defining vulcan in so many ways. [[12]](https://johneaves.Wordpress.Com/2009/10/08/vulcan-architecture-2)
accounting for the decision to show vulcan in the fourth season of enterprise, executive producer [manny coto](/wiki/manny_coto) noted, if you really look at the star trek universe weve spent very little time there. ([Star trek magazine issue 118](/wiki/star_trek_magazine_issue_118), p. 22)
in the final draft script of [home](/wiki/home_(episode)), a city on the surface of vulcan was described as our first-ever look at a vulcan metropolis. Adobe-type dwellings line the outskirts of the city... Taller, spire-like modern structures dominate the center.
much of the vulcan vistas in enterprises fourth season were designed by john eaves, who later reminisced, this was just about the end of designing new architecture for the hot planet, but it was quite a treat to get to dive into such an awesome world of drawings and concepts. For the episode home, eaves created at least three designs for the home of [tles](/wiki/t%27les). The designs for the area reflected the fact that the character was intended to be a high-ranking but somewhat rebellious woman. So her immaculate home is rural as opposed to in the high society of downtown amongst the powerful, remarked eaves. He originally drew inspiration from the visual appearance of the [sanctuary of pjem](/wiki/sanctuary_of_p%27jem), as seen in the [season 2](/wiki/ent_season_2) episode [the andorian incident](/wiki/the_andorian_incident_(episode)). However, alterations were made to the concept of tles home as it developed through the approval process. [[13]](https://johneaves.Wordpress.Com/2009/11/12/vulcan-architecture-volume-3)
an [extended scene](/wiki/deleted_scene) from home (included in
the [ent season 4 blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_4_blu-ray)) was set on vulcan, in tles residence.
whereas vulcan had never before appeared in two or more consecutive episodes of any star trek tv series, the planet appeared extensively in a vulcan trilogy during ent season 4, which consisted of the episodes [the forge](/wiki/the_forge_(episode)), [awakening](/wiki/awakening_(episode)), and [kirshara](/wiki/kir%27shara_(episode)). You were now spending more time on vulcan, commented [michael sussman](/wiki/michael_sussman). This was only possible due to the fourth season writing staff knowing, ahead of time, how they wanted to depict the planet. You could say, im gonna build this gigantic vulcan set. We cant afford it for one episode, but if you amortize it over three, we can afford it, explained manny coto. (Before her time: decommissioning enterprise, part two: memorable voyages, [ent season 4 blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_4_blu-ray) special features)
when the story for the forge was first thought up, judith and garfield reeves-stevens wrote the area of vulcan where archer and tpol met syrran as simply somewhere off in the wild on vulcan; it was only later that the specific areas of the planet which are used in the story were named. ([Star trek: the official starships collection](/wiki/star_trek:_the_official_starships_collection), issue 55, p. 16)
although other parts of vulcan were named, the first shot of the planets surface in the forge was scripted to show simply an unnamed vulcan desert. Even then, the notion was still to feature the planet on a grand scale, with a scripted scene description of the vista instructing it was to consist of an epic expanse of red sand... Ancient ruins of enormous statues... Later in the script, this area was differentiated from [gateway](/wiki/gateway), and vulcan was described as having a blast-furnace desert heat. Whereas an establishing orbital shot of vulcan is shown at the start of the episodes third act, the script did not feature that shot.
making vulcan an alien environment was important to the reeves-stevenses. We thought it has become a little too cosy. People had forgotten that vulcan was an alien world, garfield reeves-stevens explained. They didnt really know much about it so we were excited because we wanted to bring the feeling back that it wasnt something familiar. ([Star trek: the official starships collection](/wiki/star_trek:_the_official_starships_collection), issue 55, p. 16) added judith reeves-stevens, we were so thrilled that it was ours that we were able to do it in because [...] Now, we were able to show one of the worlds, and that world became a character, and we were about to become involved with vulcan and to remind everybody again that it is an alien world. ([The forge](/wiki/the_forge_(episode)) [audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [ent season 4 blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_4_blu-ray))
the episode home and the vulcan trilogy were the first live-action productions to show a city on vulcan (coming even before the digital view of a vulcan city in the remastered amok time). Views of the city that appears in the forge (which was intended to be [shikahr](/wiki/shikahr), the same city as had appeared in [tas](/wiki/star_trek:_the_animated_series): [yesteryear](/wiki/yesteryear_(episode))) were designed by john eaves and modeled in [cgi](/wiki/cgi) by [eden fx](/wiki/eden_fx). [[14]](https://johneaves.Wordpress.Com/2009/10/08/vulcan-architecture-2)
for enterprises vulcan trilogy, some location footage was used, filmed in simi valley. ([The forge](/wiki/the_forge_(episode)) [text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary), [ent season 4 dvd](/wiki/ent_season_4_dvd) and [blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_4_blu-ray)) however, the blue skies of earth had to be digitally color-corrected to become pale pinkish hues so as to represent the skies of vulcan. Stated visual effects supervisor [dan curry](/wiki/dan_curry), because [the actors] were against a very bald sky when we shot on location it made it a little easier to do sky replacement. Sometimes that was done in the edit bay and we had done a sample of sky gradient keeping the color scheme in homage to the vulcan scenes in the original series motion pictures, and we tried to be true to that. ([Cinefantastique](/wiki/cinefantastique), vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 36 & 37)
statues that appear on vulcan in the first shot from the [teaser](/wiki/teaser) of the forge were based on computer-generated views of vulcan in the directors edition of star trek: the motion picture and the episode home. (The forge [text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary), [ent season 4 dvd](/wiki/ent_season_4_dvd) and [blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_4_blu-ray))
while writing the forge, judith and garfield reeves-stevens imagined there had been a nuclear war on vulcan about two thousand years beforehand. They intended for the surface of vulcan to be shown as featuring fields of green glass, left over from nuclear explosions detonated during the war. ([Star trek: the official starships collection](/wiki/star_trek:_the_official_starships_collection), issue 55, p. 15) however, this concept was disallowed, which disappointed judith reeves-stevens. (The forge [audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [ent season 4 blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_4_blu-ray))
in the script of kirshara, the first view of vulcans surface in that episode was described thus; a network of ravines and canyons stretches across the desert... It looks as if the planets crust has shattered.
[denise okuda](/wiki/denise_okuda) found orbital views of vulcan in the trilogy were so great and spectacular, an opinion judith reeves-stevens agreed with. Okuda noted, the visual effects team did just an amazing job here. (The forge [audio commentary](/wiki/audio_commentary), [ent season 4 blu-ray](/wiki/ent_season_4_blu-ray))
vulcan was also referenced once in a scene description from the final draft script of [ent](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise): [united](/wiki/united_(episode)), remarking that no-one on the planet would believe that a particular moment involving a [handshake](/wiki/handshake) between an [andorian](/wiki/andorian) and a [tellarite](/wiki/tellarite) was even possible.
sister planet
[?](#B) although spock tells uhura that vulcan has no moon in [tos](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series): [the man trap](/wiki/the_man_trap_(episode)) – a phrase that is repeated exactly in the script of the [1973](/wiki/1973_(production)) episode [yesteryear](/wiki/yesteryear_(episode)) – a moon-like body was portrayed in close orbit of vulcan in yesteryear. This was because it was typical for the artists of the animated series to never refer back to the script or descriptions, once past the storyboard process. Even though gene roddenberry and d.C. Fontana noted no moon! On a preliminary sketch of the planet when the drawing was submitted to them for approval, this was also ignored. By [1974](/wiki/1974_(production)), several people had inquired as to what the orb was intended to be and, in reply, roddenberry and fontana had had to refer to it as a sister planet. (Babel #5; enterprise incidents, number 11, p. 27)
similarly, each of the two matte paintings in the theatrical edit of [star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture) depicted two large orbs in the vulcan sky. This was corrected in the directors edition dvd release of the motion picture, with the removal of these worlds. David morton, foundation imagings vulcan landscaper, commented, vulcan has no moon, and there were all these planets floating around it in the original release. These new vulcan shots were done mainly to match better with the other films. ([Star trek monthly issue 86](/wiki/star_trek_monthly_issue_86), p. 53) despite some fan speculation that the change to vulcans sky was made so that the film would fit the reference in the man trap, this was not the case, according to michael matessino (who served as restoration supervisor for the directors cut). By way of explanation, he stated, we eliminated things that you might not associate with a far-off monastic temple. We did not take our directions from a simple line of dialog. Vulcan in and of itself should be interesting without cluttering the sky. Besides, it was obvious that the sun was out in that scene. The change keeps things in the spirit of where we are going. Its not about whats up in the sky, its about whats happening with spock. ([Star trek: communicator issue 136](/wiki/star_trek:_communicator_issue_136), p. 27)
two big bodies, in a view matching the orbs in the original cut of the motion picture, were also incorporated into a concept painting of vulcans mount seleya and a [klingon bird-of-prey](/wiki/klingon_bird-of-prey), created for [star trek iii: the search for spock](/wiki/star_trek_iii:_the_search_for_spock). ([The art of star trek](/wiki/the_art_of_star_trek), p. 225)
in [star trek](/wiki/star_trek_(film)), an icy planet called [delta vega](/wiki/delta_vega_(vulcan_system)) is located so close to the [vulcan](/wiki/vulcan_(alternate_reality)) that spock was easily able to witness his home planets destruction from its surface. Whether delta vega was intended to be a reference to any possible moon or sister planet of vulcan has not been clarified, though it would certainly have to be located within the [vulcan system](/wiki/vulcan_system).
in [dis](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery): [lethe](/wiki/lethe_(episode)), a large body with a smaller one in front again appears in vulcans sky, depicted in a shot of a vulcan cityscape. In [if memory serves](/wiki/if_memory_serves_(episode)), another moon-like object is seen in its night sky, not consistent with any other depictions of nearby bodies, but similar in appearance to [earth](/wiki/earth)s [moon](/wiki/luna) as seen from its surface. The sister planet, or another celestial body like it, is also seen from space in [unification iii](/wiki/unification_iii_(episode)).
several sources – such as the officially-licensed [reference works](/wiki/reference_works) [the worlds of the federation](/wiki/the_worlds_of_the_federation) (p. 18) and [star trek: star charts](/wiki/star_trek:_star_charts) (p. 58) – offer the explanation that the sister planet was named tkhut. This name was coined (spelled tkuht) by fanzine writer and artist gordon carleton in 1975 (upon which, he stated that tkuht was the vulcan name for the sister planet). Carleton was influenced by d.C. Fontanas earlier postulation that vulcan was part of a twin system. [[15]](http://mediawestcon.Org/tkuhtian.Htm)
location
this planets quadrant of origin is inferred based on the position of its star system as seen in star charts appearing in [star trek vi: the undiscovered country](/wiki/star_trek_vi:_the_undiscovered_country) and the [star trek: discovery](/wiki/star_trek:_discovery) episode [magic to make the sanest man go mad](/wiki/magic_to_make_the_sanest_man_go_mad_(episode)); however, in the [star chart](/wiki/federation_star_charts#commander-in-chiefs_office,_2399) seen in the [star trek: picard](/wiki/star_trek:_picard) episode [maps and legends](/wiki/maps_and_legends_(episode)), the vulcan system, here identified as 40 eridani, was located in the beta quadrant.
in the [star trek: prodigy](/wiki/star_trek:_prodigy) episode [starstruck](/wiki/starstruck_(episode)), there was a map of the alpha and beta quadrant with federation space divided into sectors. One of these sectors, named the [vulcan sector](/wiki/vulcan_sector), was located in the beta quadrant. As there were no marked locations within this sector, it cant be said with certainty that the vulcan system, including this planet, were located in this sector. However, it was a possibility.
the star chart seen in the series [star trek: enterprise](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise) made its first appearance in [crewman](/wiki/crewman) [daniels](/wiki/daniels_(crewman)) quarters in [cold front](/wiki/cold_front_(episode)). It was also seen in several other episodes of the series, from [2151](/wiki/2151) to [2154](/wiki/2154). (For more information, see [federation star charts#united earth alpha/beta star chart](/wiki/federation_star_charts#united_earth_alpha/beta_star_chart))
miscellaneous
in notes that costume designer [robert fletcher](/wiki/robert_fletcher) wrote about the aliens in star trek: the motion picture, he proceeded from an hypothesis that vulcan was a ruby planet, which he gave as evidence for the presence of the red-booted giant figure as well as ruby jewelry in the films vulcan scene. ([The making of star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/the_making_of_star_trek:_the_motion_picture), p. 133) fletcher based the [vulcan clothing](/wiki/vulcan_uniform) in star trek iii on a similar concept related to the planet. The concept i generated, he said, was that vulcan is a planet of precious minerals. ([The making of the trek films](/wiki/the_making_of_the_trek_films), 3rd ed., P. 51)
in his book [ships of the line](/wiki/ships_of_the_line) (p. 22), michael okuda wrote about the planets devastation during the [time of the awakening](/wiki/time_of_the_awakening). The [shirkahr](/wiki/shirkahr) highlands were once green with meadows and soaring coniferous trees. During the time of the awakening, the highlands were destroyed by nuclear warfare, and the meadows changed into deserts. This process of destruction was repeated all over the planet, resulting in global climate change. Okuda detailed similar accounts of nuclear devastation in the [text commentary](/wiki/text_commentary) for ent: the forge and in the book [star trek: the original series 365](/wiki/star_trek:_the_original_series_365) (p. 176).
star trek: star charts (pp. 44-45 & 52) details more supposition about the planet, from a production staffer (in that case, [geoffrey mandel](/wiki/geoffrey_mandel)). The book states that, in [2378](/wiki/2378), the planet was alternatively referred to as both vulcanis and vulcan. The book also posits that vulcan had been ruled by the [confederacy of surak](/wiki/confederacy_of_surak) since 370 ad, it had two capital cities – vulcana regar and shirkahr – and there were 4.9 billion people living on the planet. Two thousand years before, in the [4th century](/wiki/4th_century), vulcan was a destination on the [debrune](/wiki/debrune) trade routes. In the mid-[22nd century](/wiki/22nd_century), vulcan was the hub world on the vulcan trading routes. It traded with [altair](/wiki/altair_system), [arcturus](/wiki/arcturus), [cor caroli](/wiki/cor_caroli_v), [coridan](/wiki/coridan), the [deneb system](/wiki/deneb), [denobula triaxa](/wiki/denobula_triaxa), [kaferia](/wiki/kaferia), [lorillia](/wiki/lorillian), [pjem](/wiki/p%27jem), and [rigel](/wiki/rigel_system).
the worlds of the federation (p. 18) gives tkhasi as vulcans indigenous name and states that terran astronomers, taking inspiration from terran [mythology](/wiki/mythology), provided the planet with its name of vulcan, which the vulcans gracefully accepted as the planets official federation designation. Both the worlds of the federation (p. 18) and star trek maps (p. 26) characterize vulcan as having several large port cities, with the former stating that eighty-six percent of the planets surface is landmass. The latter source describes the planet as relatively large.
the [star trek encyclopedia](/wiki/star_trek_encyclopedia_(4th_edition)), 4th ed., Vol. 2, p. 44 classified vulcan as a [minshara-class](/wiki/class_m) planet.
imagining one particular part of vulcan in his autobiographical book [i am spock](/wiki/i_am_spock) (hardback ed., Pp. 244 & 245), leonard nimoy (writing from spocks perspective) reported, there lies on vulcan a stretch of flat, barren desert known as the plain of thought, which has come to symbolize ultimate accomplishment. At one end of the plain stands a millennia-old fragment of wall. At the other end, approximately one of your earth kilometers away, rests a tall, slender obelisk. Nimoy went on to envisage that successful completion of a vulcan ceremonial test in this area – involving crossing between the wall and obelisk, then back again – results in the traveler being awarded the right to wear the symbol of [kolinahr](/wiki/kolinahr).
nivar
ni var was a term coined circa [1967](/wiki/1967_(production)) by linguist [dorothy jones](/wiki/dorothy_jones), who wrote the dorothy and myfanwy series of [star trek](/wiki/star_trek) stories for the fanzine [t-negative](/wiki/t-negative) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It literally means two form and was an art form practiced on vulcan in which a subject was examined from two different viewpoints, or in terms of its having two different aspects or natures. Ni var poetry and art were printed in spockanalia and various other fanzines, and the term, actually part of a sophisticated vulcan [language](/wiki/language) invented by ms. Jones, caught on like wildfire in the star trek [fan](/wiki/trekkie) community.
ni var was also the name of a novella originally entitled the thousandth man by [claire gabriel](/wiki/claire_gabriel), which was cut down to short-story length for publication in the [1976](/wiki/1976_(production)) anthology [the new voyages](/wiki/the_new_voyages) (edited by [sondra marshak](/wiki/sondra_marshak) and [myrna culbreath](/wiki/myrna_culbreath); the original novella by gabriel was the final chapter of a six-part book which is now available for reading at [jacqueline lichtenbergs website](http://www.Simegen.Com/fandom/startrek/quartetplustwo/)). In the story, it was a vulcan term referring to the duality of things: two who are one, two diversities that are a unity, two halves that come together to make a whole (from [leonard nimoy](/wiki/leonard_nimoy)s introduction to the short story, which did not credit ms. Jones as the originator of the term). It seemed likely that the [ship of that name](/wiki/ni%27var_(starship)) seen in the [star trek: enterprise](/wiki/star_trek:_enterprise) episode [shadows of pjem](/wiki/shadows_of_p%27jem_(episode)) was named after this story and that the writers were unaware of the origins of the term, as ms. Jones star trek stories were never professionally published and have been largely forgotten. According to episode co-writer [michael sussman](/wiki/michael_sussman), the starship nivar was indeed an homage to the short story published in the new voyages. The [star trek encyclopedia](/wiki/star_trek_encyclopedia_(4th_edition)), 4th ed., Vol. 2, p. 81 corroborated sussmans account.
apocrypha
in gene roddenberrys [novelization](/wiki/novels) of [star trek: the motion picture](/wiki/star_trek:_the_motion_picture_(novel)), he indicated that nine vulcan seasons were equal to 2.8 earth years. This would make vulcans year 456 ± 33 earth days long. The same novelization also places the narratives scenes of vulcan as being in [gol](/wiki/gol). Despite specifying that vulcan had multiple suns, the book makes no reference to any moons or additional planets in the vulcan system.
neither does the novelization of yesteryear (which was first published in [1974](/wiki/1974_(production))) make any mention of other planets or planetoids in the vulcan system (stating merely that vulcan had no moon), even though the first edition of the anthology in which it was originally published ([star trek log 1](/wiki/star_trek_log_1)) has a front cover featuring a shot of the large orb in vulcans sky from the aforementioned episode. It was in the [1975](/wiki/1975_(production)) fanzine warp speed 8 (in the landing party six writers guide) that gordon carleton first proposed the existence of vulcans sister planet. Later, officially-licensed star trek novels continued this trend, including the [1984](/wiki/1984_(production)) novel [the vulcan academy murders](/wiki/the_vulcan_academy_murders) by [jean lorrah](/wiki/jean_lorrah), [diane duane](/wiki/diane_duane)s [1988](/wiki/1988_(production)) novel [spocks world](/wiki/spock%27s_world), [a.C. Crispin](/wiki/a.C._crispin)s [1994](/wiki/1994_(production)) novel [sarek](/wiki/sarek_(novel)) (as trukh, with a comment that this was merely another of the planets names), and [michael jan friedman](/wiki/michael_jan_friedman)s [1999](/wiki/1999_(production)) novel [new worlds, new civilizations](/wiki/new_worlds,_new_civilizations). The latter of these features another front cover on which the sister planet appears, as does the vulcan academy murders.
prior to gene roddenberrys [1991](/wiki/1991_(production)) announcement that the planet vulcan was in 40 eridani, the suggestion was proposed in not only 1980s star trek maps but also in [1968](/wiki/1968_(production))s [star trek 2](/wiki/star_trek_2), by james blish. [[16]](http://projectrho.Com/vulsun.Htm)
external links
[nivar](https://memory-beta.Fandom.Com/wiki/ni%27var)at[memory beta](https://memory-beta.Fandom.Com/wiki/), the wiki for licensed star trek works[confederacy of vulcan](https://memory-beta.Fandom.Com/wiki/confederacy_of_vulcan)at[memory beta](https://memory-beta.Fandom.Com/wiki/), the wiki for licensed star trek works[vulcan (planet) (mirror)](https://memory-beta.Fandom.Com/wiki/vulcan_(planet)_(mirror))at[memory beta](https://memory-beta.Fandom.Com/wiki/), the wiki for licensed star trek works[at](https://www.Ex-astris-scientia.Org/inconsistencies/tos_planets2.Htm)[at](https://www.Ex-astris-scientia.Org//inconsistencies/tng_planets.Htm) |
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| Pennsylvania Turnpike closure from Pittsburgh to Irwin |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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Skip to content nowcast pittsburghs action news 4 at 7pm on cozi tv watch on demand menu search homepage local news national news on tv links weather interactive radar closings & delays 4 the record forecasting our future traffic sports penguins pirates steelers college sports high school sports operation football quip town action news investigates project community project hunger state of addiction chronicle entertainment politics get the facts matter of fact very local project bundle up talent request form real estate bridges of good work contests news team titan tv guide contact us advertise with wtae u-local news we love upload editorials privacy notice terms of use subscribe to email weather search press enter to search type to search search location by zip code zip advertisement pennsylvania turnpike announces westbound closure from pittsburgh to irwin on sunday share copy link copy |
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| Brace yourselves ????The 2025 #DiamondLeague ???? season is about to begin ???? |
| Posted on Saturday, April 26 @ 00:00:31 PDT (2 reads) | |
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Brace yourselves ????The 2025 #diamondleague ???? Season is about to begin ????
follow the #diamondleague on social media: facebook: https://www.Facebook.Com/diamondleague twitter: https://www.Twitter.Com/diamond_league instagram: https://www.Instagram.Com/diamondleague tiktok: https://vm.Tiktok.Com/vemxkw/ to license wanda diamond league footage contact img replay: https://www.Imgreplay.Com/contact
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